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1 million or more vs 4,999 or less

Section of State Range comparison ≈ 1,186 km apart · 1 million or more profile · 4,999 or less profile

1 million or more 4,999 or less

1 million or more and 4,999 or less are two very different places. 1 million or more is a highly walkable (6.6) area where 28.3% of people were born overseas and 28.3% of adults hold a bachelor degree or higher. In contrast, 4,999 or less is mostly car-dependent (3.6), with only 11.6% of adults having a bachelor degree and 12.9% born overseas. The two areas also differ in their housing and wealth; 89.0% of homes in 4,999 or less are separate houses, while the typical weekly household income in 1 million or more is well higher at $1,885 compared to $1,333 in 4,999 or less.

Both areas have similar proportions of children under 15, sitting around 19%. While they share an identical unemployment rate of 5.5%, which is near the national figure, other gaps have grown since 2011. This includes a widening divide in education, typical incomes, and the number of people born overseas. The difference in age has also increased, with residents in 4,999 or less now noticeably older than those in 1 million or more.

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Where they differ most

Year 12: 23.6 pts higher in 1 million or more Population: 2,032,382 larger in 1 million or more Separate houses: 17.5 pts higher in 4,999 or less Bachelor+: 16.7 pts higher in 1 million or more Born overseas: 15.4 pts higher in 1 million or more

Demographics & Identity

Population in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +2,032,382 larger in 1 million or more gap widening
2,287,896 92nd pct 255,514 77th pct
Median age in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +6 yrs older in 4,999 or less gap widening
36 yrs 14th pct 42 yrs 56th pct
First Nations in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +7.7 pts higher in 4,999 or less gap steady
2.9% 29th pct 10.6% 78th pct
Aged 65+ in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +6.8 pts higher in 4,999 or less gap widening
14.1% 27th pct 20.9% 63rd pct
Under 15 in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +0.2 pts higher in 1 million or more gap narrowing
19.2% 74th pct 19.0% 72nd pct
De facto in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +1.4 pts higher in 4,999 or less gap narrowing
12.6% 43rd pct 14.0% 74th pct

Age structure

29.8% Young adults (25–44) ◂ +6.3 pts 23.6%
23.5% Older adults (45–64) +2.4 pts ▸ 25.9%
14.1% Seniors (65+) +6.8 pts ▸ 20.9%
19.2% Children (0–14) ◂ +0.2 pts 19.0%
13.4% Youth (15–24) ◂ +2.7 pts 10.7%

Marital status

44.4% Married even 44.4%
39.3% Never married ◂ +4.2 pts 35.1%
8.8% Divorced +1.8 pts ▸ 10.6%
4.2% Widowed +1.5 pts ▸ 5.7%
3.4% Separated +0.8 pts ▸ 4.2%

Age & sex structure

1 million or more 4,999 or less

Bars show the share of each area's own population, so differently sized areas stay comparable.

Ancestry & Birthplace

Born overseas in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +15.4 pts higher in 1 million or more gap widening
28.3% 88th pct 12.9% 43rd pct

Country of birth

67.3% Australia +11.4 pts ▸ 78.7%
4.5% New Zealand ◂ +1.7 pts 2.7%
3.7% England ◂ +0.4 pts 3.3%
2.2% India ◂ +2.0 pts 0.3%
1.8% China ◂ +1.7 pts 0.1%
1.2% Philippines ◂ +0.3 pts 0.9%
1.1% South Africa ◂ +0.6 pts 0.5%
0.9% Vietnam ◂ +0.7 pts 0.1%
0.3% Nepal ◂ +0.2 pts 0.1%
0.3% Italy even 0.2%

Ancestry

35.7% English +2.8 pts ▸ 38.5%
30.9% Australian +6.4 pts ▸ 37.3%
11.1% Irish ◂ +0.8 pts 10.3%
10.0% Scottish ◂ +0.1 pts 9.9%
5.5% German +1.4 pts ▸ 6.9%
5.0% Chinese ◂ +4.3 pts 0.7%
2.9% Indian ◂ +2.5 pts 0.4%
2.8% Italian +0.1 pts ▸ 2.9%
1.7% Filipino ◂ +0.5 pts 1.2%
1.6% Dutch ◂ +0.2 pts 1.4%
1.2% Vietnamese ◂ +1.1 pts 0.1%
0.8% Greek ◂ +0.6 pts 0.3%

Language

Other language in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +12.4 pts higher in 1 million or more gap widening
19.1% 79th pct 6.7% 41st pct
Limited English in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +1.9 pts higher in 1 million or more gap steady
2.7% 83rd pct 0.7% 40th pct

Language used at home

76.1% English only +8.6 pts ▸ 84.7%
2.8% Mandarin ◂ +2.6 pts 0.2%
1.1% Vietnamese ◂ +1.0 pts 0.1%
1.0% Punjabi ◂ +0.9 pts 0.1%
0.9% Cantonese ◂ +0.9 pts 0.1%
0.7% Hindi ◂ +0.7 pts 0.1%
0.5% Arabic ◂ +0.5 pts 0.0%
0.5% Tagalog ◂ +0.2 pts 0.3%
0.4% Italian ◂ +0.1 pts 0.3%
0.3% Greek ◂ +0.3 pts 0.1%

Religion

No religion in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +1.8 pts higher in 1 million or more gap steady
41.8% 48th pct 40.0% 39th pct

Religious affiliation

44.1% Christianity +3.8 pts ▸ 47.9%
41.8% No religion ◂ +1.8 pts 40.0%
6.5% Not stated +3.9 pts ▸ 10.4%
2.2% Hinduism ◂ +1.9 pts 0.3%
2.0% Islam ◂ +1.8 pts 0.2%
2.0% Buddhism ◂ +1.4 pts 0.6%
1.3% Other religions ◂ +0.7 pts 0.6%
0.1% Judaism ◂ +0.1 pts 0.0%

Education & Qualifications

Year 12 in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +23.6 pts higher in 1 million or more gap widening
65.7% 96th pct 42.1% 45th pct
Bachelor+ in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +16.7 pts higher in 1 million or more gap widening
28.3% 93rd pct 11.6% 23rd pct

Highest year of school

65.7% Year 12 ◂ +23.6 pts 42.1%
16.4% Year 10 +11.4 pts ▸ 27.8%
6.9% Year 9 or below +5.3 pts ▸ 12.1%
5.5% Year 11 +2.4 pts ▸ 7.8%

Highest qualification level

25.4% Certificate III / IV +13.6 pts ▸ 39.0%
29.2% Bachelor degree ◂ +14.4 pts 14.8%
15.2% Advanced diploma / diploma ◂ +1.5 pts 13.7%
10.3% Postgraduate degree ◂ +7.3 pts 3.1%
4.2% Graduate diploma / certificate ◂ +1.6 pts 2.5%
2.0% Certificate I / II +1.0 pts ▸ 3.0%

Field of qualification

21.1% Management & commerce ◂ +7.7 pts 13.4%
13.5% Engineering & related +3.8 pts ▸ 17.2%
12.9% Society & culture ◂ +2.6 pts 10.4%
11.0% Health ◂ +1.8 pts 9.2%
7.4% Education +0.8 pts ▸ 8.2%
4.9% Food, hospitality & personal services +1.4 pts ▸ 6.4%
5.2% Architecture & building +1.0 pts ▸ 6.2%
4.1% Creative arts ◂ +2.1 pts 2.0%
3.6% Information technology ◂ +2.5 pts 1.1%
3.1% Natural & physical sciences ◂ +1.7 pts 1.4%
1.3% Agriculture & environment +1.3 pts ▸ 2.6%

Income

Personal income in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +$195 higher in 1 million or more gap widening
$860 75th pct $665 34th pct
Household income in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +$552 higher in 1 million or more gap widening
$1,885 80th pct $1,333 36th pct
Family income in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +$571 higher in 1 million or more gap widening
$2,214 84th pct $1,643 32nd pct
High earners in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +5.2 pts higher in 1 million or more gap widening
13.2% 83rd pct 8.0% 47th pct
High-income homes in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +10.6 pts higher in 1 million or more gap widening
24.4% 83rd pct 13.8% 43rd pct

Household income distribution

31.5% $1,500–$2,999 ◂ +4.9 pts 26.6%
24.7% $650–$1,499 +6.1 pts ▸ 30.8%
13.1% Under $650 +6.3 pts ▸ 19.4%
13.2% $4,000 or more ◂ +7.1 pts 6.1%
11.2% $3,000–$3,999 ◂ +3.5 pts 7.7%

Personal income distribution

37.4% Under $650 +6.3 pts ▸ 43.8%
32.3% $650–$1,499 ◂ +3.2 pts 29.1%
19.2% $1,500–$2,999 ◂ +5.6 pts 13.6%
5.0% $3,000 or more ◂ +2.5 pts 2.5%

Health & Disability

Health condition in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +3.6 pts higher in 4,999 or less
28.0% 39th pct 31.6% 57th pct
Mental health in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less even
10.1% 56th pct 10.1% 56th pct
Needs assistance in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +1.6 pts higher in 4,999 or less gap steady
5.6% 44th pct 7.2% 78th pct

Long-term health conditions reported

7.6% Arthritis +3.4 pts ▸ 11.0%
10.1% Mental health even 10.1%
8.8% Asthma even 8.8%
8.8% Other condition ◂ +0.2 pts 8.6%
4.3% Diabetes +1.3 pts ▸ 5.6%
3.7% Heart disease +1.5 pts ▸ 5.2%
2.8% Cancer +0.7 pts ▸ 3.5%
1.7% Lung condition +1.2 pts ▸ 2.9%
0.8% Stroke +0.4 pts ▸ 1.2%
0.7% Dementia +0.3 pts ▸ 0.9%

Number of long-term health conditions

64.8% None ◂ +7.7 pts 57.0%
19.2% One condition +0.6 pts ▸ 19.8%
5.9% Two conditions +1.5 pts ▸ 7.3%
3.0% Three or more +1.5 pts ▸ 4.5%

Community Participation

Volunteering in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +0.6 pts higher in 4,999 or less gap steady
13.8% 30th pct 14.4% 36th pct
Unpaid carers in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +0.6 pts higher in 4,999 or less gap steady
11.3% 36th pct 11.9% 43rd pct
Unpaid child care in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +3.5 pts higher in 1 million or more gap widening
28.0% 83rd pct 24.5% 41st pct
Defence service in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +0.8 pts higher in 4,999 or less
3.6% 58th pct 4.5% 85th pct
Housework 15h+ in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +2.5 pts higher in 4,999 or less gap narrowing
19.7% 33rd pct 22.3% 60th pct

Family & Households

Household size in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +0.1 larger in 1 million or more gap steady
2.6 81st pct 2.5 57th pct
One-parent in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +1.8 pts higher in 4,999 or less gap steady
15.0% 41st pct 16.8% 61st pct
Living alone in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +2.9 pts higher in 4,999 or less gap widening
23.9% 22nd pct 26.8% 40th pct

Family composition

58.6% Couples with children ◂ +7.8 pts 50.8%
25.1% Couples without children +6.3 pts ▸ 31.4%
15.0% One-parent families +1.8 pts ▸ 16.8%
1.3% Other families ◂ +0.3 pts 1.1%

Household size

33.0% 2 people +4.4 pts ▸ 37.4%
23.9% 1 person +2.9 pts ▸ 26.8%
17.0% 3 people ◂ +3.4 pts 13.6%
16.2% 4 people ◂ +3.9 pts 12.3%
6.5% 5 people ◂ +0.5 pts 6.0%
3.5% 6 or more +0.4 pts ▸ 3.9%

Housing & Dwellings

Rent in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +$110 higher in 1 million or more gap steady
$380 90th pct $270 43rd pct
Mortgage in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +$372 higher in 1 million or more gap widening
$1,889 83rd pct $1,517 56th pct
People / bedroom in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less even gap steady
0.80 43rd pct 0.80 43rd pct
Renting in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +5.9 pts higher in 1 million or more gap widening
36.6% 82nd pct 30.7% 57th pct
Owned outright in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +9.1 pts higher in 4,999 or less gap widening
24.8% 13th pct 33.9% 53rd pct
Separate houses in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +17.5 pts higher in 4,999 or less gap widening
71.4% 13th pct 89.0% 53rd pct
3+ bedrooms in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +1.6 pts higher in 4,999 or less gap widening
76.6% 47th pct 78.2% 57th pct

How homes are owned or rented

36.6% Rented ◂ +5.9 pts 30.7%
35.8% Owned with a mortgage ◂ +4.5 pts 31.3%
24.8% Owned outright +9.1 pts ▸ 33.9%
1.3% Not stated +0.9 pts ▸ 2.2%
1.5% Other tenure +0.3 pts ▸ 1.8%

Types of homes

71.4% Separate house +17.5 pts ▸ 89.0%
16.0% Flat or apartment ◂ +12.7 pts 3.3%
12.0% Townhouse / semi-detached ◂ +6.6 pts 5.5%
0.3% Other dwelling +1.3 pts ▸ 1.6%

Bedrooms per home

36.3% 3 bedrooms +5.5 pts ▸ 41.9%
31.3% 4 bedrooms ◂ +0.6 pts 30.7%
16.5% 2 bedrooms ◂ +1.2 pts 15.3%
9.0% 5 or more ◂ +3.3 pts 5.7%
5.2% 1 bedroom ◂ +1.5 pts 3.7%
0.4% Studio / none +0.2 pts ▸ 0.6%

Weekly rent distribution

52.3% $350–$549 ◂ +31.1 pts 21.2%
25.7% $200–$349 +19.6 pts ▸ 45.2%
8.2% Under $200 +18.0 pts ▸ 26.2%
8.6% $550–$749 ◂ +5.9 pts 2.7%
2.4% $750 or more ◂ +1.6 pts 0.8%

Monthly mortgage distribution

31.3% $1,000–$1,799 +6.9 pts ▸ 38.1%
35.1% $1,800–$2,999 ◂ +8.0 pts 27.1%
12.8% Under $1,000 +9.9 pts ▸ 22.7%
15.5% $3,000 or more ◂ +9.3 pts 6.1%

Transport & Vehicles

No car in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +1.0 pts higher in 1 million or more gap steady
6.7% 69th pct 5.7% 51st pct
Work from home in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +10.1 pts higher in 1 million or more gap widening
17.7% 88th pct 7.6% 43rd pct
PT commute in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +3.5 pts higher in 1 million or more gap narrowing
5.0% 88th pct 1.5% 58th pct

How people get to work

54.5% Car (driver) +8.8 pts ▸ 63.4%
17.7% Worked at home ◂ +10.1 pts 7.6%
4.1% Car (passenger) +1.4 pts ▸ 5.5%
2.2% Walked +2.6 pts ▸ 4.8%
2.7% Bus ◂ +1.5 pts 1.2%
2.2% Train ◂ +2.0 pts 0.2%
0.8% Bicycle ◂ +0.1 pts 0.6%

Motor vehicles per home

37.8% 2 vehicles ◂ +0.5 pts 37.3%
37.0% 1 vehicle ◂ +1.0 pts 36.0%
12.1% 3 vehicles +1.4 pts ▸ 13.5%
6.4% 4 or more +1.1 pts ▸ 7.5%
6.7% No vehicle ◂ +1.0 pts 5.7%

Migration & Movement

Recent movers in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +5.5 pts higher in 1 million or more gap widening
46.8% 85th pct 41.2% 66th pct
Recent arrivals in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +3.6 pts higher in 1 million or more gap narrowing
14.4% 63rd pct 10.8% 45th pct

Jobs & Industry

Unemployment in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less even gap steady
5.5% 61st pct 5.5% 60th pct
Participation in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +12.4 pts higher in 1 million or more gap widening
65.5% 91st pct 53.1% 37th pct
Full-time in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +0.8 pts higher in 1 million or more gap steady
60.1% 71st pct 59.3% 65th pct

Industries people work in

15.6% Health care & social assistance ◂ +2.0 pts 13.5%
9.0% Retail trade +0.4 pts ▸ 9.3%
8.2% Construction +1.0 pts ▸ 9.3%
9.0% Education & training ◂ +0.3 pts 8.7%
8.8% Professional & technical ◂ +5.3 pts 3.5%
6.5% Accommodation & food +1.7 pts ▸ 8.2%
6.7% Public administration & safety ◂ +0.8 pts 5.9%
6.0% Manufacturing +0.6 pts ▸ 6.6%
1.1% Mining +5.4 pts ▸ 6.5%
5.3% Transport & warehousing ◂ +0.5 pts 4.8%
3.7% Other services +0.3 pts ▸ 4.0%
0.5% Agriculture, forestry & fishing +3.4 pts ▸ 4.0%

Occupations people work in

25.5% Professionals ◂ +11.6 pts 13.9%
12.0% Technicians & trades +4.9 pts ▸ 16.8%
8.7% Labourers +5.4 pts ▸ 14.0%
13.6% Clerical & administrative ◂ +2.3 pts 11.3%
11.6% Community & personal service +1.5 pts ▸ 13.1%
12.5% Managers ◂ +2.6 pts 9.9%
6.1% Machinery operators & drivers +4.2 pts ▸ 10.3%
8.2% Sales workers +0.2 pts ▸ 8.4%

Walkability

Walk score in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +3.0 higher in 1 million or more
6.6 92nd pct 3.6 28th pct
Types ≤15 min in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +2.2 more in 1 million or more
6.2 92nd pct 4.0 31st pct
15-min city in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +30.2 pts higher in 1 million or more
77.6% 93rd pct 47.4% 36th pct
Walk to shops in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +28.6 pts higher in 1 million or more
77.6% 93rd pct 49.0% 34th pct
Walk to transit in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +72.9 pts higher in 1 million or more
88.8% 80th pct 15.9% 26th pct
Walk to school in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +31.6 pts higher in 1 million or more
82.2% 93rd pct 50.5% 29th pct
Walk to a park in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +18.2 pts higher in 1 million or more
97.3% 86th pct 79.1% 30th pct
Walk to health in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +18.3 pts higher in 1 million or more
62.8% 91st pct 44.4% 56th pct
Amenities/1k in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +1.6 more in 4,999 or less
13.7 23rd pct 15.3 36th pct
Intersections/km² in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +91 higher in 1 million or more
119 88th pct 28 37th pct
Mean slope in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +0.5 pts higher in 1 million or more
5.9% 67th pct 5.4% 53rd pct

Compare 1 million or more with nearby areas

250,000 to 999,999 10,000 to 19,999 10,000 to 19,999 5,000 to 9,999 20,000 to 49,999 5,000 to 9,999 50,000 to 99,999 500 or more 500 or more 50,000 to 99,999 499 or less 250,000 to 999,999

Compare 4,999 or less with nearby areas

100,000 to 249,999 Remainder of State/Territory 50,000 to 99,999 500 or more 20,000 to 49,999 5,000 to 9,999 10,000 to 19,999 499 or less 1 million or more 250,000 to 999,999 499 or less 5,000 to 9,999

Cite this page

Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2021). 1 million or more vs 4,999 or less [Census of Population and Housing]. CensusAtlas, used under CC BY 4.0. https://censusatlas.au/compare/sosr/SOSR301/1-million-or-more/vs/SOSR315/4-999-or-less