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1 million or more vs 4,999 or less

Section of State Range comparison ≈ 2,603 km apart · 1 million or more profile · 4,999 or less profile

1 million or more 4,999 or less

1 million or more and 4,999 or less are very different places located over 2,600 km apart. 1 million or more is far more walkable (very walkable) than 4,999 or less (mostly car-dependent), with 95.3% of homes within a short walk of public transport compared to 0.0% in 4,999 or less. There are also stark educational and housing gaps; 27.0% of adults in 1 million or more hold a bachelor degree or higher, compared to 13.5% in 4,999 or less, and 82.2% of homes in 1 million or more have three or more bedrooms against 57.5% in 4,999 or less.

Since 2011, the two areas have often drifted further apart, with widening gaps in the share of adults with degrees, those who have completed Year 12, and the typical personal income. Despite these shifts, they share a similar proportion of people in de facto relationships (11.5%) and a similar number of people per home. While 4,999 or less is far more diverse, with 48.8% of people using a language other than English at home, this gap has actually narrowed since 2011.

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Where they differ most

Other language: 27.4 pts higher in 4,999 or less Separate houses: 31.3 pts higher in 1 million or more Population: 2,042,407 larger in 1 million or more 3+ bedrooms: 24.7 pts higher in 1 million or more Renting: 22.0 pts higher in 4,999 or less

Demographics & Identity

Population in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +2,042,407 larger in 1 million or more gap widening
2,043,762 91st pct 1,355 15th pct
Median age in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +2 yrs older in 4,999 or less gap narrowing
37 yrs 19th pct 39 yrs 29th pct
First Nations in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +1.2 pts higher in 1 million or more gap steady
1.9% 16th pct 0.7% 3rd pct
Aged 65+ in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +1.3 pts higher in 1 million or more gap narrowing
15.7% 33rd pct 14.5% 28th pct
Under 15 in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +1.3 pts higher in 4,999 or less gap steady
19.0% 71st pct 20.3% 86th pct
De facto in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less even gap narrowing
11.5% 12th pct 11.5% 12th pct

Age structure

29.1% Young adults (25–44) +1.1 pts ▸ 30.2%
24.1% Older adults (45–64) +4.0 pts ▸ 28.1%
19.0% Children (0–14) +1.3 pts ▸ 20.3%
15.7% Seniors (65+) ◂ +1.3 pts 14.5%
12.1% Youth (15–24) ◂ +5.0 pts 7.1%

Marital status

47.5% Married +6.5 pts ▸ 54.0%
36.2% Never married ◂ +4.5 pts 31.7%
8.7% Divorced ◂ +0.1 pts 8.7%
4.4% Widowed ◂ +2.1 pts 2.3%
3.2% Separated +0.2 pts ▸ 3.4%

Age & sex structure

1 million or more 4,999 or less

Bars show the share of each area's own population, so differently sized areas stay comparable.

Ancestry & Birthplace

Born overseas in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +4.6 pts higher in 1 million or more gap narrowing
36.4% 97th pct 31.8% 92nd pct

Country of birth

59.1% Australia ◂ +9.8 pts 49.3%
7.9% England ◂ +6.3 pts 1.6%
2.8% India ◂ +2.5 pts 0.4%
2.8% New Zealand ◂ +1.5 pts 1.3%
1.8% South Africa ◂ +1.1 pts 0.7%
1.5% Philippines ◂ +0.2 pts 1.3%
1.3% China ◂ +0.7 pts 0.6%
0.8% Vietnam ◂ +0.5 pts 0.4%
0.8% Italy ◂ +0.8 pts 0.0%
0.2% Nepal ◂ +0.2 pts 0.0%

Ancestry

36.8% English ◂ +22.3 pts 14.5%
27.8% Australian ◂ +6.7 pts 21.1%
5.5% Chinese +16.3 pts ▸ 21.8%
8.8% Irish ◂ +5.1 pts 3.8%
8.7% Scottish ◂ +5.6 pts 3.1%
5.5% Italian ◂ +5.0 pts 0.5%
3.6% Indian ◂ +2.5 pts 1.1%
2.8% German ◂ +1.0 pts 1.8%
2.0% Dutch ◂ +0.6 pts 1.4%
1.9% Filipino ◂ +0.5 pts 1.4%
1.1% Vietnamese ◂ +0.6 pts 0.5%
0.7% Greek ◂ +0.7 pts 0.0%

Language

Other language in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +27.4 pts higher in 4,999 or less gap narrowing
21.4% 82nd pct 48.8% 95th pct
Limited English in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +9.0 pts higher in 4,999 or less gap narrowing
2.7% 83rd pct 11.7% 100th pct

Language used at home

73.6% English only ◂ +39.6 pts 34.0%
2.4% Mandarin +9.8 pts ▸ 12.2%
0.9% Cantonese +3.0 pts ▸ 4.0%
1.1% Italian ◂ +1.1 pts 0.0%
1.1% Vietnamese ◂ +0.5 pts 0.5%
1.0% Punjabi ◂ +0.7 pts 0.3%
0.8% Arabic ◂ +0.8 pts 0.0%
0.7% Tagalog ◂ +0.4 pts 0.3%
0.6% Hindi ◂ +0.3 pts 0.3%
0.2% Greek ◂ +0.2 pts 0.0%

Religion

No religion in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +19.0 pts higher in 1 million or more gap widening
42.1% 49th pct 23.1% 5th pct

Religious affiliation

42.1% No religion ◂ +19.0 pts 23.1%
41.8% Christianity ◂ +26.2 pts 15.6%
3.1% Islam +24.5 pts ▸ 27.6%
6.5% Not stated +11.5 pts ▸ 18.0%
2.6% Buddhism +11.4 pts ▸ 13.9%
2.4% Hinduism ◂ +2.2 pts 0.2%
1.3% Other religions ◂ +0.7 pts 0.6%
0.3% Judaism ◂ +0.3 pts 0.0%

Education & Qualifications

Year 12 in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +15.7 pts higher in 1 million or more gap widening
62.4% 93rd pct 46.6% 72nd pct
Bachelor+ in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +13.5 pts higher in 1 million or more gap widening
27.0% 91st pct 13.5% 38th pct

Highest year of school

62.4% Year 12 ◂ +15.7 pts 46.6%
17.4% Year 10 ◂ +2.8 pts 14.6%
6.2% Year 9 or below +4.8 pts ▸ 11.0%
8.1% Year 11 ◂ +2.3 pts 5.8%

Highest qualification level

28.4% Bachelor degree ◂ +15.5 pts 13.0%
25.9% Certificate III / IV +2.0 pts ▸ 27.9%
15.2% Advanced diploma / diploma ◂ +4.0 pts 11.1%
9.3% Postgraduate degree ◂ +5.3 pts 4.1%
2.3% Certificate I / II +2.6 pts ▸ 4.9%
3.9% Graduate diploma / certificate ◂ +0.6 pts 3.4%

Field of qualification

19.0% Management & commerce ◂ +6.8 pts 12.3%
16.7% Engineering & related +1.3 pts ▸ 18.0%
11.4% Society & culture ◂ +4.8 pts 6.6%
11.0% Health ◂ +5.9 pts 5.1%
7.9% Education ◂ +1.4 pts 6.5%
5.1% Food, hospitality & personal services ◂ +0.6 pts 4.5%
4.9% Architecture & building ◂ +0.4 pts 4.5%
3.8% Natural & physical sciences ◂ +0.3 pts 3.5%
3.5% Creative arts ◂ +2.3 pts 1.3%
2.9% Information technology ◂ +1.7 pts 1.1%
1.5% Agriculture & environment +0.4 pts ▸ 1.8%

Income

Personal income in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +$389 higher in 4,999 or less gap widening
$862 75th pct $1,251 87th pct
Household income in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +$250 higher in 4,999 or less gap narrowing
$1,863 79th pct $2,113 87th pct
Family income in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +$394 higher in 4,999 or less gap steady
$2,262 86th pct $2,656 96th pct
High earners in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +1.5 pts higher in 4,999 or less gap steady
15.2% 87th pct 16.7% 89th pct
High-income homes in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +4.1 pts higher in 4,999 or less gap widening
24.3% 83rd pct 28.4% 89th pct

Household income distribution

29.2% $1,500–$2,999 +6.9 pts ▸ 36.1%
23.4% $650–$1,499 ◂ +6.3 pts 17.1%
13.5% $4,000 or more +1.2 pts ▸ 14.7%
14.3% Under $650 ◂ +3.0 pts 11.3%
10.8% $3,000–$3,999 +2.9 pts ▸ 13.7%

Personal income distribution

38.3% Under $650 ◂ +15.9 pts 22.4%
29.2% $650–$1,499 ◂ +3.6 pts 25.5%
20.1% $1,500–$2,999 +8.4 pts ▸ 28.5%
6.2% $3,000 or more ◂ +2.0 pts 4.2%

Health & Disability

Health condition in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +10.6 pts higher in 1 million or more
26.0% 28th pct 15.4% 10th pct
Mental health in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +5.6 pts higher in 1 million or more
8.4% 33rd pct 2.8% 6th pct
Needs assistance in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +2.6 pts higher in 1 million or more gap widening
4.6% 29th pct 2.0% 6th pct

Long-term health conditions reported

8.4% Mental health ◂ +5.6 pts 2.8%
7.6% Other condition ◂ +3.0 pts 4.6%
7.4% Arthritis ◂ +5.2 pts 2.2%
7.3% Asthma ◂ +1.3 pts 6.1%
4.3% Diabetes ◂ +0.6 pts 3.8%
3.5% Heart disease ◂ +1.9 pts 1.6%
2.7% Cancer ◂ +1.7 pts 1.0%
1.5% Lung condition ◂ +1.1 pts 0.4%
0.8% Stroke ◂ +0.4 pts 0.4%
0.7% Dementia ◂ +0.7 pts 0.0%

Number of long-term health conditions

66.6% None ◂ +0.9 pts 65.7%
18.2% One condition ◂ +5.3 pts 12.9%
5.3% Two conditions ◂ +3.1 pts 2.1%
2.5% Three or more ◂ +1.7 pts 0.8%

Community Participation

Volunteering in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +4.1 pts higher in 4,999 or less gap narrowing
15.1% 44th pct 19.2% 78th pct
Unpaid carers in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +4.2 pts higher in 1 million or more gap narrowing
10.8% 30th pct 6.6% 10th pct
Unpaid child care in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +4.9 pts higher in 1 million or more gap narrowing
29.2% 86th pct 24.3% 37th pct
Defence service in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +0.6 pts higher in 1 million or more
2.8% 22nd pct 2.2% 12th pct
Housework 15h+ in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +2.9 pts higher in 1 million or more gap narrowing
19.6% 31st pct 16.7% 23rd pct

Family & Households

Household size in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +0.1 larger in 1 million or more gap widening
2.6 81st pct 2.5 57th pct
One-parent in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +4.7 pts higher in 1 million or more gap steady
13.4% 24th pct 8.7% 1st pct
Living alone in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +4.2 pts higher in 4,999 or less gap widening
25.2% 29th pct 29.3% 57th pct

Family composition

60.0% Couples with children +5.3 pts ▸ 65.3%
25.4% Couples without children +0.4 pts ▸ 25.8%
13.4% One-parent families ◂ +4.7 pts 8.7%
1.2% Other families ◂ +0.7 pts 0.5%

Household size

32.8% 2 people ◂ +3.7 pts 29.1%
25.2% 1 person +4.2 pts ▸ 29.3%
16.5% 4 people ◂ +2.5 pts 13.9%
16.4% 3 people ◂ +2.0 pts 14.4%
6.3% 5 people +1.8 pts ▸ 8.2%
2.8% 6 or more ◂ +0.4 pts 2.4%

Housing & Dwellings

Rent in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +$200 higher in 1 million or more gap narrowing
$350 86th pct $150 8th pct
Mortgage in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +$600 higher in 1 million or more gap narrowing
$1,900 83rd pct $1,300 14th pct
People / bedroom in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +0.20 higher in 4,999 or less gap steady
0.80 43rd pct 1.00 89th pct
Renting in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +22.0 pts higher in 4,999 or less gap steady
27.0% 38th pct 49.0% 90th pct
Owned outright in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +2.4 pts higher in 1 million or more gap narrowing
28.3% 24th pct 26.0% 14th pct
Separate houses in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +31.3 pts higher in 1 million or more gap narrowing
77.2% 22nd pct 45.9% 0th pct
3+ bedrooms in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +24.7 pts higher in 1 million or more gap steady
82.2% 86th pct 57.5% 0th pct

How homes are owned or rented

27.0% Rented +22.0 pts ▸ 49.0%
41.7% Owned with a mortgage ◂ +26.6 pts 15.1%
28.3% Owned outright ◂ +2.4 pts 26.0%
1.7% Other tenure +6.9 pts ▸ 8.7%
1.2% Not stated +1.0 pts ▸ 2.2%

Types of homes

77.2% Separate house ◂ +31.3 pts 45.9%
7.9% Flat or apartment +22.7 pts ▸ 30.5%
14.6% Townhouse / semi-detached +8.3 pts ▸ 22.8%
0.3% Other dwelling +0.4 pts ▸ 0.7%

Bedrooms per home

37.0% 3 bedrooms +11.8 pts ▸ 48.8%
38.9% 4 bedrooms ◂ +31.0 pts 7.9%
12.8% 2 bedrooms +15.3 pts ▸ 28.1%
3.6% 1 bedroom +9.6 pts ▸ 13.2%
6.3% 5 or more ◂ +5.6 pts 0.7%
0.2% Studio / none ◂ +0.2 pts 0.0%

Weekly rent distribution

10.4% Under $200 +52.3 pts ▸ 62.7%
43.4% $350–$549 ◂ +33.6 pts 9.8%
34.2% $200–$349 ◂ +15.6 pts 18.6%
6.4% $550–$749 ◂ +4.9 pts 1.5%
2.5% $750 or more ◂ +2.5 pts 0.0%

Monthly mortgage distribution

30.6% $1,000–$1,799 +18.6 pts ▸ 49.2%
35.5% $1,800–$2,999 ◂ +11.7 pts 23.8%
12.7% Under $1,000 +15.9 pts ▸ 28.6%
15.8% $3,000 or more ◂ +15.8 pts 0.0%

Transport & Vehicles

No car in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +2.4 pts higher in 4,999 or less gap widening
5.1% 41st pct 7.5% 79th pct
Work from home in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +4.6 pts higher in 1 million or more gap widening
7.5% 43rd pct 2.9% 7th pct
PT commute in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +0.1 pts higher in 4,999 or less gap steady
5.3% 89th pct 5.4% 89th pct

How people get to work

62.1% Car (driver) +6.1 pts ▸ 68.2%
7.5% Worked at home ◂ +4.6 pts 2.9%
4.4% Car (passenger) +1.6 pts ▸ 6.0%
3.1% Bus +2.3 pts ▸ 5.4%
1.5% Walked +1.5 pts ▸ 3.1%
2.2% Train ◂ +2.2 pts 0.0%
0.7% Bicycle ◂ +0.7 pts 0.0%

Motor vehicles per home

35.5% 1 vehicle +5.5 pts ▸ 40.9%
39.9% 2 vehicles ◂ +8.7 pts 31.2%
12.8% 3 vehicles +2.7 pts ▸ 15.5%
5.1% No vehicle +2.4 pts ▸ 7.5%
6.7% 4 or more ◂ +0.9 pts 5.8%

Migration & Movement

Recent movers in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +10.8 pts higher in 1 million or more gap widening
39.6% 54th pct 28.7% 14th pct
Recent arrivals in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +6.9 pts higher in 1 million or more gap narrowing
10.7% 45th pct 3.7% 5th pct

Jobs & Industry

Unemployment in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +3.6 pts higher in 1 million or more gap steady
5.3% 55th pct 1.7% 2nd pct
Participation in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +0.6 pts higher in 1 million or more gap narrowing
65.3% 91st pct 64.7% 90th pct
Full-time in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +9.0 pts higher in 4,999 or less gap narrowing
60.0% 70th pct 69.0% 88th pct

Industries people work in

6.0% Public administration & safety +21.7 pts ▸ 27.7%
14.2% Health care & social assistance ◂ +10.7 pts 3.5%
6.5% Mining +4.4 pts ▸ 10.9%
8.9% Retail trade ◂ +5.9 pts 3.1%
8.8% Education & training ◂ +1.6 pts 7.3%
8.8% Construction ◂ +0.2 pts 8.6%
7.9% Professional & technical ◂ +6.2 pts 1.7%
3.1% Administrative & support +3.6 pts ▸ 6.7%
6.5% Accommodation & food ◂ +2.1 pts 4.4%
4.5% Transport & warehousing +1.3 pts ▸ 5.8%
5.2% Manufacturing ◂ +4.8 pts 0.4%
1.8% Arts & recreation +2.2 pts ▸ 3.9%

Occupations people work in

24.0% Professionals ◂ +10.8 pts 13.3%
14.5% Technicians & trades +3.5 pts ▸ 18.1%
12.0% Community & personal service +3.7 pts ▸ 15.7%
11.8% Managers +1.3 pts ▸ 13.1%
8.6% Labourers +4.5 pts ▸ 13.1%
12.5% Clerical & administrative ◂ +0.5 pts 12.0%
6.9% Machinery operators & drivers +3.5 pts ▸ 10.3%
8.0% Sales workers ◂ +6.5 pts 1.5%

Walkability

Walk score in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +2.3 higher in 1 million or more
6.2 88th pct 3.9 36th pct
Types ≤15 min in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +2.1 more in 1 million or more
5.9 89th pct 3.8 28th pct
15-min city in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +45.9 pts higher in 1 million or more
74.1% 90th pct 28.2% 23rd pct
Walk to shops in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +18.2 pts higher in 4,999 or less
70.3% 86th pct 88.5% 100th pct
Walk to transit in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +95.3 pts higher in 1 million or more
95.3% 94th pct 0.0% 0th pct
Walk to school in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +70.0 pts higher in 1 million or more
81.3% 92nd pct 11.3% 15th pct
Walk to a park in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +54.2 pts higher in 1 million or more
97.2% 86th pct 43.0% 14th pct
Walk to health in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +23.1 pts higher in 1 million or more
55.8% 86th pct 32.7% 34th pct
Amenities/1k in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +10.6 more in 4,999 or less
15.2 35th pct 25.8 81st pct
Intersections/km² in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +130 higher in 1 million or more
166 93rd pct 35 46th pct
Mean slope in 1 million or morein 4,999 or less +9.7 pts higher in 4,999 or less
6.1% 71st pct 15.8% 100th pct

Compare 1 million or more with nearby areas

500 or more 50,000 to 99,999 5,000 to 9,999 20,000 to 49,999 Remainder of State/Territory 10,000 to 19,999 499 or less 4,999 or less 500 or more 4,999 or less 20,000 to 49,999 Remainder of State/Territory

Compare 4,999 or less with nearby areas

Remainder of State/Territory 499 or less 10,000 to 19,999 4,999 or less 499 or less Remainder of State/Territory 500 or more 1 million or more 50,000 to 99,999 5,000 to 9,999 100,000 to 249,999 5,000 to 9,999

Cite this page

Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2021). 1 million or more vs 4,999 or less [Census of Population and Housing]. CensusAtlas, used under CC BY 4.0. https://censusatlas.au/compare/sosr/SOSR501/1-million-or-more/vs/SOSR915/4-999-or-less