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Northern Beaches vs Willoughby

Council (LGA) comparison ≈ 13 km apart · Northern Beaches profile · Willoughby profile

Northern Beaches Willoughby

Northern Beaches and Willoughby are two nearby areas with very different profiles. Willoughby is far more multicultural, with 46.5% of people born overseas and 41.0% using a language other than English at home, compared to 30.2% and 15.6% in Northern Beaches. Education levels are also far higher in Willoughby, where 53.1% of adults hold a bachelor degree or higher, while 37.7% do so in Northern Beaches. In terms of housing, separate houses are far more common in Northern Beaches, while renting is far more frequent in Willoughby.

Everyday life shares many similarities in both places, as typical weekly household incomes are nearly the same, sitting around $2,500 to $2,600. Both areas also have a similar share of children under 15 and an almost identical percentage of people who have no religion. While some gaps have remained steady since 2016, the difference in people working from home has widened, with Willoughby now far higher than Northern Beaches.

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Where they differ most

Other language: 25.5 pts higher in Willoughby Population: 187,941 larger in Northern Beaches Born overseas: 16.3 pts higher in Willoughby Bachelor+: 15.4 pts higher in Willoughby Separate houses: 12.6 pts higher in Northern Beaches

Demographics & Identity

Population in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +187,941 larger in Northern Beaches gap steady
263,554 88th pct 75,613 80th pct
Median age in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +2 yrs older in Northern Beaches gap narrowing
41 yrs 43rd pct 39 yrs 33rd pct
First Nations in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +0.4 pts higher in Northern Beaches gap steady
0.6% 6th pct 0.3% 0th pct
Aged 65+ in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +2.2 pts higher in Northern Beaches gap steady
18.2% 40th pct 16.0% 29th pct
Under 15 in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +0.4 pts higher in Willoughby gap steady
18.5% 60th pct 18.9% 64th pct
De facto in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +2.6 pts higher in Northern Beaches gap steady
11.6% 28th pct 8.9% 10th pct

Age structure

24.4% Young adults (25–44) +4.8 pts ▸ 29.2%
27.5% Older adults (45–64) ◂ +2.4 pts 25.1%
18.5% Children (0–14) +0.4 pts ▸ 18.9%
18.2% Seniors (65+) ◂ +2.2 pts 16.0%
11.4% Youth (15–24) ◂ +0.6 pts 10.8%

Marital status

50.8% Married +2.9 pts ▸ 53.7%
33.6% Never married ◂ +0.4 pts 33.2%
8.4% Divorced ◂ +1.6 pts 6.8%
4.9% Widowed ◂ +0.8 pts 4.2%
2.3% Separated ◂ +0.2 pts 2.1%

Age & sex structure

Northern Beaches Willoughby

Bars show the share of each area's own population, so differently sized areas stay comparable.

Ancestry & Birthplace

Born overseas in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +16.3 pts higher in Willoughby gap steady
30.2% 86th pct 46.5% 98th pct

Country of birth

66.7% Australia ◂ +16.2 pts 50.5%
1.4% China +9.6 pts ▸ 11.0%
8.0% England ◂ +4.4 pts 3.6%
0.7% India +2.4 pts ▸ 3.1%
2.2% New Zealand ◂ +0.5 pts 1.7%
1.5% South Africa ◂ +0.6 pts 1.0%
0.7% Philippines +0.7 pts ▸ 1.4%
0.9% Italy ◂ +0.3 pts 0.6%
0.4% Nepal +0.2 pts ▸ 0.6%
0.2% Vietnam +0.4 pts ▸ 0.6%

Ancestry

41.2% English ◂ +17.8 pts 23.5%
31.1% Australian ◂ +11.1 pts 20.0%
3.4% Chinese +23.0 pts ▸ 26.5%
12.5% Irish ◂ +3.9 pts 8.6%
10.8% Scottish ◂ +3.9 pts 7.0%
5.5% Italian ◂ +2.3 pts 3.2%
4.1% German ◂ +1.8 pts 2.4%
1.0% Indian +3.0 pts ▸ 3.9%
2.0% Dutch ◂ +1.1 pts 1.0%
1.0% Filipino +0.7 pts ▸ 1.7%
1.1% Greek +0.2 pts ▸ 1.3%
0.3% Vietnamese +0.5 pts ▸ 0.8%

Language

Other language in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +25.5 pts higher in Willoughby gap steady
15.6% 74th pct 41.0% 90th pct
Limited English in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +5.3 pts higher in Willoughby gap steady
1.6% 72nd pct 6.8% 91st pct

Language used at home

81.0% English only ◂ +25.4 pts 55.5%
1.3% Mandarin +11.6 pts ▸ 12.9%
0.7% Cantonese +7.1 pts ▸ 7.8%
0.2% Hindi +1.2 pts ▸ 1.4%
1.2% Italian ◂ +0.4 pts 0.8%
0.2% Arabic +0.4 pts ▸ 0.6%
0.3% Tagalog +0.3 pts ▸ 0.6%
0.4% Greek +0.2 pts ▸ 0.5%
0.2% Vietnamese +0.3 pts ▸ 0.5%
0.2% Punjabi ◂ +0.1 pts 0.2%

Religion

No religion in Northern Beachesin Willoughby even gap narrowing
43.7% 62nd pct 43.6% 62nd pct

Religious affiliation

47.7% Christianity ◂ +7.7 pts 40.0%
43.7% No religion ◂ +0.1 pts 43.6%
5.0% Not stated +0.3 pts ▸ 5.3%
1.4% Buddhism +3.1 pts ▸ 4.5%
0.8% Hinduism +2.8 pts ▸ 3.6%
0.5% Islam +0.8 pts ▸ 1.3%
0.3% Judaism +0.6 pts ▸ 1.0%
0.5% Other religions +0.1 pts ▸ 0.7%

Education & Qualifications

Year 12 in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +10.3 pts higher in Willoughby gap narrowing
73.1% 93rd pct 83.5% 100th pct
Bachelor+ in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +15.4 pts higher in Willoughby gap steady
37.7% 91st pct 53.1% 100th pct
Schools in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +64 more in Northern Beaches
82 88th pct 18 71st pct
Schools/1k kids in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +0.42 more in Northern Beaches
1.68 13th pct 1.26 3rd pct
Students in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +27,950 more in Northern Beaches
39,053 87th pct 11,103 78th pct
Avg size in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +165 larger in Willoughby
488 81st pct 653 94th pct
ICSEA in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +29 higher in Willoughby
1,117 94th pct 1,146 98th pct

Highest year of school

73.1% Year 12 +10.3 pts ▸ 83.5%
14.1% Year 10 ◂ +8.0 pts 6.1%
4.3% Year 9 or below ◂ +0.5 pts 3.8%
4.0% Year 11 ◂ +1.6 pts 2.4%

Highest qualification level

36.3% Bachelor degree +7.5 pts ▸ 43.8%
12.6% Postgraduate degree +9.5 pts ▸ 22.1%
17.0% Certificate III / IV ◂ +10.3 pts 6.7%
16.2% Advanced diploma / diploma ◂ +4.0 pts 12.2%
3.9% Graduate diploma / certificate +0.4 pts ▸ 4.3%
1.3% Certificate I / II ◂ +0.5 pts 0.7%

Field of qualification

27.2% Management & commerce +4.6 pts ▸ 31.9%
12.7% Society & culture +1.4 pts ▸ 14.1%
10.6% Engineering & related ◂ +1.4 pts 9.1%
8.6% Health +0.4 pts ▸ 9.0%
7.5% Education ◂ +2.3 pts 5.2%
3.2% Information technology +3.4 pts ▸ 6.6%
6.4% Architecture & building ◂ +3.3 pts 3.1%
6.3% Creative arts ◂ +0.8 pts 5.5%
3.5% Natural & physical sciences +0.8 pts ▸ 4.3%
3.6% Food, hospitality & personal services ◂ +1.0 pts 2.5%
1.5% Agriculture & environment ◂ +0.8 pts 0.7%

Income

Personal income in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +$36 higher in Willoughby gap steady
$1,109 88th pct $1,145 89th pct
Household income in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +$36 higher in Northern Beaches gap narrowing
$2,592 95th pct $2,556 94th pct
Family income in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +$104 higher in Willoughby gap narrowing
$3,131 96th pct $3,235 97th pct
High earners in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +4.0 pts higher in Willoughby gap steady
24.2% 94th pct 28.2% 98th pct
High-income homes in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +0.7 pts higher in Willoughby gap narrowing
41.8% 97th pct 42.5% 98th pct

Household income distribution

29.9% $4,000 or more +1.8 pts ▸ 31.7%
25.2% $1,500–$2,999 ◂ +0.1 pts 25.1%
17.1% $650–$1,499 ◂ +1.0 pts 16.1%
11.9% $3,000–$3,999 ◂ +1.1 pts 10.8%
10.2% Under $650 +1.1 pts ▸ 11.3%

Personal income distribution

30.9% Under $650 +2.1 pts ▸ 33.0%
28.2% $650–$1,499 ◂ +4.5 pts 23.7%
22.4% $1,500–$2,999 even 22.4%
13.6% $3,000 or more +2.9 pts ▸ 16.5%

Health & Disability

Health condition in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +3.2 pts higher in Northern Beaches
23.8% 25th pct 20.5% 14th pct
Mental health in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +1.0 pts higher in Northern Beaches
6.2% 23rd pct 5.3% 14th pct
Needs assistance in Northern Beachesin Willoughby even gap steady
3.9% 21st pct 3.9% 22nd pct

Long-term health conditions reported

6.7% Other condition +0.5 pts ▸ 7.2%
6.9% Arthritis ◂ +1.7 pts 5.2%
6.8% Asthma ◂ +0.7 pts 6.0%
6.2% Mental health ◂ +1.0 pts 5.3%
3.6% Heart disease ◂ +0.6 pts 3.0%
2.9% Diabetes +0.3 pts ▸ 3.1%
3.1% Cancer ◂ +0.6 pts 2.6%
1.1% Lung condition ◂ +0.3 pts 0.9%
0.9% Dementia ◂ +0.2 pts 0.7%
0.8% Stroke ◂ +0.2 pts 0.6%

Number of long-term health conditions

70.2% None +4.1 pts ▸ 74.3%
17.4% One condition ◂ +2.1 pts 15.3%
4.4% Two conditions ◂ +0.7 pts 3.7%
1.9% Three or more ◂ +0.4 pts 1.5%

Community Participation

Volunteering in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +0.6 pts higher in Northern Beaches gap steady
16.9% 46th pct 16.3% 42nd pct
Unpaid carers in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +0.8 pts higher in Northern Beaches gap steady
11.1% 35th pct 10.3% 26th pct
Unpaid child care in Northern Beachesin Willoughby even gap narrowing
28.6% 79th pct 28.6% 78th pct
Defence service in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +0.7 pts higher in Northern Beaches
2.0% 21st pct 1.3% 8th pct
Housework 15h+ in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +0.1 pts higher in Northern Beaches gap steady
22.1% 50th pct 22.0% 49th pct

First Nations

First Nations people in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +1,499 larger in Northern Beaches
1,706 75th pct 207 30th pct
Median age in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +5 yrs older in Willoughby
27 yrs 64th pct 32 yrs 86th pct
Year 12 in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +5.1 pts higher in Willoughby
62.6% 94th pct 67.7% 97th pct
Unemployment in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +0.3 pts higher in Northern Beaches
6.2% 14th pct 5.9% 13th pct
Median income in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +$108 higher in Willoughby
$949 91st pct $1,057 94th pct
Household income in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +$237 higher in Northern Beaches
$2,724 100th pct $2,487 97th pct
Indigenous language in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +0.5 pts higher in Willoughby
5.8% 57th pct 6.3% 60th pct

Family & Households

Household size in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +0.1 larger in Northern Beaches gap widening
2.7 86th pct 2.6 79th pct
One-parent in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +0.5 pts higher in Willoughby gap steady
9.7% 17th pct 10.2% 20th pct
Living alone in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +0.6 pts higher in Willoughby gap steady
22.3% 15th pct 22.9% 18th pct

Family composition

64.6% Couples with children +0.4 pts ▸ 65.0%
25.1% Couples without children ◂ +1.4 pts 23.7%
9.7% One-parent families +0.5 pts ▸ 10.2%
0.7% Other families +0.5 pts ▸ 1.2%

Household size

32.1% 2 people ◂ +0.4 pts 31.7%
22.3% 1 person +0.6 pts ▸ 22.9%
19.4% 4 people ◂ +0.1 pts 19.3%
15.9% 3 people +1.9 pts ▸ 17.8%
7.5% 5 people ◂ +1.4 pts 6.1%
2.8% 6 or more ◂ +0.6 pts 2.1%

Housing & Dwellings

Rent in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +$54 higher in Northern Beaches gap widening
$625 100th pct $571 100th pct
Mortgage in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +$175 higher in Willoughby gap widening
$3,124 100th pct $3,299 100th pct
People / bedroom in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +0.10 higher in Willoughby gap steady
0.90 86th pct 1.00 89th pct
Renting in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +11.6 pts higher in Willoughby gap steady
26.9% 56th pct 38.4% 80th pct
Owned outright in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +3.1 pts higher in Northern Beaches gap steady
34.8% 42nd pct 31.7% 32nd pct
Separate houses in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +12.6 pts higher in Northern Beaches gap widening
57.3% 10th pct 44.7% 6th pct
3+ bedrooms in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +9.4 pts higher in Northern Beaches gap steady
63.5% 14th pct 54.0% 8th pct

How homes are owned or rented

26.9% Rented +11.6 pts ▸ 38.4%
34.9% Owned with a mortgage ◂ +8.1 pts 26.8%
34.8% Owned outright ◂ +3.1 pts 31.7%
2.4% Other tenure ◂ +0.2 pts 2.2%
1.0% Not stated ◂ +0.2 pts 0.8%

Types of homes

57.3% Separate house ◂ +12.6 pts 44.7%
33.4% Flat or apartment +13.8 pts ▸ 47.1%
8.8% Townhouse / semi-detached ◂ +1.0 pts 7.8%
0.4% Other dwelling ◂ +0.2 pts 0.3%

Bedrooms per home

25.8% 2 bedrooms +6.6 pts ▸ 32.4%
27.1% 3 bedrooms ◂ +1.0 pts 26.1%
24.5% 4 bedrooms ◂ +5.4 pts 19.1%
11.9% 5 or more ◂ +3.1 pts 8.9%
9.0% 1 bedroom +2.8 pts ▸ 11.9%
0.8% Studio / none +0.2 pts ▸ 1.0%

Weekly rent distribution

23.1% $350–$549 +9.5 pts ▸ 32.6%
32.4% $750 or more ◂ +7.6 pts 24.9%
31.8% $550–$749 ◂ +1.2 pts 30.6%
5.3% $200–$349 even 5.4%
4.3% Under $200 ◂ +0.9 pts 3.3%

Monthly mortgage distribution

52.0% $3,000 or more +1.6 pts ▸ 53.5%
21.2% $1,800–$2,999 ◂ +2.3 pts 18.9%
9.9% Under $1,000 +1.3 pts ▸ 11.2%
10.4% $1,000–$1,799 ◂ +0.7 pts 9.7%

Transport & Vehicles

No car in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +7.5 pts higher in Willoughby gap steady
6.6% 69th pct 14.0% 87th pct
Work from home in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +10.4 pts higher in Willoughby gap widening
44.0% 98th pct 54.4% 100th pct
PT commute in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +2.3 pts higher in Willoughby gap narrowing
2.7% 73rd pct 5.0% 86th pct
PT stops in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +962 more in Northern Beaches
1,274 88th pct 312 76th pct
Stops/1k in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +0.71 more in Northern Beaches
4.83 70th pct 4.13 60th pct
Departures/1k in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +193.8 more in Northern Beaches
2,206.1 93rd pct 2,012.4 91st pct
PT routes in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +12 more in Willoughby
48 86th pct 60 86th pct
Stop walk in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +5 longer in Northern Beaches
7 43rd pct 2 14th pct
Drive to city in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +15 longer in Northern Beaches
24 32nd pct 9 7th pct

How people get to work

44.0% Worked at home +10.4 pts ▸ 54.4%
33.0% Car (driver) ◂ +12.7 pts 20.3%
2.3% Walked +2.0 pts ▸ 4.4%
0.0% Train +3.1 pts ▸ 3.1%
2.4% Bus ◂ +0.6 pts 1.8%
2.2% Car (passenger) ◂ +0.3 pts 1.9%
0.5% Bicycle ◂ +0.2 pts 0.3%

Motor vehicles per home

36.8% 1 vehicle +11.1 pts ▸ 47.9%
38.4% 2 vehicles ◂ +9.5 pts 28.9%
6.6% No vehicle +7.5 pts ▸ 14.0%
11.5% 3 vehicles ◂ +4.9 pts 6.6%
6.7% 4 or more ◂ +4.1 pts 2.6%

Migration & Movement

Recent movers in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +6.0 pts higher in Willoughby gap narrowing
38.0% 66th pct 44.0% 87th pct
Recent arrivals in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +5.1 pts higher in Willoughby gap narrowing
12.2% 52nd pct 17.3% 73rd pct

Jobs & Industry

Unemployment in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +1.2 pts higher in Willoughby gap steady
3.2% 21st pct 4.4% 50th pct
Participation in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +1.9 pts higher in Northern Beaches gap steady
65.5% 86th pct 63.7% 78th pct
Full-time in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +4.9 pts higher in Willoughby gap steady
58.0% 39th pct 62.9% 69th pct

Industries people work in

14.3% Professional & technical +4.4 pts ▸ 18.7%
7.2% Finance & insurance +5.6 pts ▸ 12.8%
11.8% Health care & social assistance +0.3 pts ▸ 12.1%
9.5% Construction ◂ +5.0 pts 4.5%
8.7% Education & training ◂ +1.2 pts 7.5%
8.5% Retail trade ◂ +1.4 pts 7.1%
5.5% Accommodation & food even 5.5%
4.3% Manufacturing ◂ +1.3 pts 3.0%
4.0% Public administration & safety ◂ +0.2 pts 3.8%
3.0% Media & telecommunications +0.7 pts ▸ 3.7%
3.4% Wholesale trade ◂ +0.1 pts 3.4%
3.4% Administrative & support ◂ +0.4 pts 3.1%

Occupations people work in

30.5% Professionals +10.9 pts ▸ 41.4%
20.9% Managers ◂ +0.2 pts 20.7%
12.0% Clerical & administrative ◂ +0.2 pts 11.8%
10.8% Technicians & trades ◂ +4.9 pts 5.9%
8.8% Community & personal service ◂ +2.3 pts 6.5%
8.1% Sales workers ◂ +1.2 pts 6.9%
4.7% Labourers ◂ +1.4 pts 3.2%
2.8% Machinery operators & drivers ◂ +1.2 pts 1.7%

Economy & Advantage

IRSAD decile in Northern Beachesin Willoughby even
10 100th pct 10 100th pct
IRSD decile in Northern Beachesin Willoughby even
10 100th pct 10 100th pct
IER decile in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +1 higher in Northern Beaches
10 100th pct 9 86th pct
IEO decile in Northern Beachesin Willoughby even
10 100th pct 10 100th pct
IRSAD score in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +17 higher in Willoughby
1,125 97th pct 1,142 99th pct
ERP in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +192,136 higher in Northern Beaches
272,656 88th pct 80,520 79th pct
Growth in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +2.8 pts higher in Willoughby
3.1% 44th pct 5.9% 70th pct
Businesses in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +20,050 higher in Northern Beaches
33,595 88th pct 13,545 86th pct
Approvals in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +299 higher in Northern Beaches
523 82nd pct 224 72nd pct

Environment & Climate

Rainfall in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +30 higher in Willoughby
1,408 89th pct 1,438 90th pct
Max temp in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +0.4 higher in Willoughby
22.8 35th pct 23.2 38th pct
Min temp in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +0.2 higher in Willoughby
13.1 71st pct 13.3 72nd pct

Crime & Safety

Crime rate in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +3,117 higher in Willoughby
2,950 2nd pct 6,066 29th pct
Assault/100k in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +26 higher in Willoughby
396 9th pct 422 10th pct
Sexual/100k in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +16 higher in Northern Beaches
143 19th pct 127 14th pct
Robbery/100k in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +4 higher in Willoughby
9 14th pct 13 25th pct
Burglary/100k in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +109 higher in Willoughby
104 0th pct 213 12th pct
Theft/100k in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +687 higher in Willoughby
482 10th pct 1,169 45th pct
Vehicle theft/100k in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +7 higher in Northern Beaches
191 21st pct 184 20th pct
Property damage/100k in Northern Beachesin Willoughby even
266 2nd pct 266 2nd pct
Drugs/100k in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +62 higher in Willoughby
152 14th pct 214 23rd pct
5-yr change in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +51.6 pts higher in Willoughby
-28.0% 6th pct 23.6% 70th pct

Walkability

Walk score in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +1.1 higher in Willoughby
7.5 91st pct 8.6 98th pct
Types ≤15 min in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +0.6 more in Willoughby
7.0 91st pct 7.6 97th pct
15-min city in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +7.9 pts higher in Willoughby
88.4% 89th pct 96.3% 97th pct
Walk to shops in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +5.4 pts higher in Willoughby
85.8% 89th pct 91.3% 94th pct
Walk to transit in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +3.9 pts higher in Willoughby
95.9% 86th pct 99.8% 99th pct
Walk to school in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +7.9 pts higher in Willoughby
89.3% 87th pct 97.2% 97th pct
Walk to a park in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +1.6 pts higher in Willoughby
98.4% 87th pct 100.0% 100th pct
Walk to health in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +11.9 pts higher in Willoughby
76.1% 88th pct 88.0% 95th pct
Amenities/1k in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +2.4 more in Northern Beaches
16.0 40th pct 13.5 26th pct
Intersections/km² in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +187 higher in Willoughby
78 81st pct 264 92nd pct
Mean slope in Northern Beachesin Willoughby +0.7 pts higher in Willoughby
9.7% 95th pct 10.3% 98th pct

Compare Northern Beaches with nearby areas

Ku-ring-gai Willoughby Mosman North Sydney Lane Cove Hornsby Ryde Hunters Hill

Compare Willoughby with nearby areas

North Sydney Lane Cove Mosman Hunters Hill Ku-ring-gai Ryde Sydney Woollahra

Cite this page

Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2021). Northern Beaches vs Willoughby [Census of Population and Housing]. CensusAtlas, used under CC BY 4.0. https://censusatlas.au/compare/lga/LGA15990/northern-beaches/vs/LGA18250/willoughby