# CensusAtlas

> Australia's Census (2011, 2016 and 2021) as maps, charts and trends for every suburb, town, council area and statistical region. Independent project; not affiliated with the ABS.

CensusAtlas turns the Australian Bureau of Statistics Census of Population and Housing into clear, explorable maps, charts and plain-language profiles. All figures are ABS Census data, used under CC BY 4.0.

Every content page is also available as clean Markdown: append `.md` to any content URL (e.g. `/about.md`, `/region/ste/1/new-south-wales.md`) and it serves Markdown instead of HTML. Markdown responses carry an `x-markdown-tokens` header (an estimated token count), and the HTML pages advertise their Markdown alternate via a `Link: <url.md>; rel="alternate"; type="text/markdown"` header so agents can discover it.

## Key pages
- [Home](https://censusatlas.au/): the topic index and interactive map entry point.
- [Explore by topic](https://censusatlas.au/topics): every Census topic, grouped into themes.
- [About](https://censusatlas.au/about): what CensusAtlas is and where the data comes from.
- [Methodology](https://censusatlas.au/methodology): sources, licensing, how shares/medians/trends are computed.
- [Interactive map](https://censusatlas.au/map/population/sa2/2021): population by SA2, 2021.
- [Sitemap](https://censusatlas.au/sitemap.xml): the full URL index (topics, indicators, maps, every region).

## Topics
- [Demographics & Identity](https://censusatlas.au/topic/demographics-identity): Who lives here — how many people, how old they are, and how communities identify.
- [Ancestry & Birthplace](https://censusatlas.au/topic/ancestry-heritage): Where people and their families come from — the ancestries they identify with and where they were born.
- [Language](https://censusatlas.au/topic/language): The languages spoken in homes across the area, beyond English.
- [Religion](https://censusatlas.au/topic/religion): What people believe — religious affiliation and those with no religion.
- [Education & Qualifications](https://censusatlas.au/topic/education): How far people went at school, the qualifications they hold and what they studied.
- [Income](https://censusatlas.au/topic/income): What people and households earn each week, and how incomes are spread.
- [Health & Disability](https://censusatlas.au/topic/health-disability): Long-term health conditions and the need for help with everyday activities.
- [Community Participation](https://censusatlas.au/topic/community): How people contribute — volunteering, unpaid care and domestic work, and defence service.
- [First Nations](https://censusatlas.au/topic/first-nations): Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities — how many people identify as First Nations, and how they fare on age, schooling, work, income and language. From the ABS 2021 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples Profile; the ABS notes these counts are an undercount.
- [Family & Households](https://censusatlas.au/topic/family-households): How families and households are made up across the area.
- [Housing & Dwellings](https://censusatlas.au/topic/housing-dwellings): Where and how people live — the homes, how they are held, and what they cost.
- [Transport & Vehicles](https://censusatlas.au/topic/transport): How households get around — the vehicles they keep and the journey to work.
- [Migration & Movement](https://censusatlas.au/topic/mobility-location): How people move — recent moves within Australia and arrivals from overseas.
- [Jobs & Industry](https://censusatlas.au/topic/employment): Work across the area — who is in the labour force, in which industries and jobs.
- [Economy & Advantage](https://censusatlas.au/topic/economy-advantage): How well-off the area is, how fast its population is growing, and the businesses and new homes here.
- [Environment & Climate](https://censusatlas.au/topic/environment-climate): The local climate — how much rain the area gets and how warm or cool it tends to be.
- [Crime & Safety](https://censusatlas.au/topic/crime-safety): Recorded crime in the area — the overall offence rate per 100,000 residents, the mix of offence types, and how it is changing. Sourced from state and territory police data; offence definitions differ by state, so comparisons across state lines are indicative only.
- [Walkability](https://censusatlas.au/topic/walkability): How much of daily life sits within a walk of home — a transparent 0–10 walkability score and the everyday destinations you can reach on foot: shops, public transport, schools, parks and health services, plus the streets and terrain in between.

## Statistics
- [Total population](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/population): The number of people who usually live in the area, counted on Census night.
- [Median age](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/median-age): Half the population is older than this age, and half younger.
- [Median personal income (weekly)](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/median-personal-income): Median total personal income per week for people aged 15+.
- [Median household income (weekly)](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/median-household-income): Median total household income per week.
- [Median family income (weekly)](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/median-family-income): Median total family income per week.
- [Median rent (weekly)](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/median-rent): Median weekly rent paid by households renting their home.
- [Median mortgage repayment (monthly)](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/median-mortgage): Median monthly mortgage repayment for households with a mortgage.
- [Average household size](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/average-household-size): Average number of people usually resident per household.
- [Average people per bedroom](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/people-per-bedroom): Average number of usual residents per bedroom — a crowding measure.
- [Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander population](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/indigenous-share): Share of people who identify as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander.
- [People aged 65 and over](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/share-65-plus): Share of the population aged 65 years and over.
- [Children under 15](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/share-under-15): Share of the population aged under 15 years.
- [People earning $2,000+ a week](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/share-high-income): Share of people aged 15+ with a personal income of $2,000 or more per week.
- [Households earning $3,000+ a week](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/share-high-household-income): Share of households with a total income of $3,000 or more per week.
- [Completed Year 12](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/share-year12): Share of people whose highest year of school is Year 12 or equivalent.
- [People with a long-term health condition](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/share-long-term-condition): Share of people with one or more selected long-term health conditions.
- [People with a mental health condition](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/share-mental-health): Share of people reporting a long-term mental health condition (incl. depression or anxiety).
- [People needing help with daily activities](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/share-needs-assistance): Share of people with a core-activity need for assistance due to disability or age.
- [Volunteers](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/share-volunteers): Share of people aged 15+ who did voluntary work for an organisation or group.
- [People providing unpaid care](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/share-unpaid-care): Share of people aged 15+ who provided unpaid assistance to someone with a disability or due to old age.
- [People caring for children unpaid](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/share-unpaid-childcare): Share of people aged 15+ who provided unpaid child care.
- [One-parent families](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/share-one-parent): Share of people who live in one-parent families.
- [Households renting](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/share-renting): Share of occupied private dwellings that are rented.
- [Homes owned outright](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/share-owned-outright): Share of occupied private dwellings owned outright (no mortgage).
- [Separate (detached) houses](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/share-separate-house): Share of occupied private dwellings that are separate houses.
- [People who moved in the last 5 years](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/share-moved-5yr): Share of people living at a different address than five years earlier.
- [Unemployment rate](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/share-unemployed): Unemployed people as a share of the labour force (aged 15+).
- [Labour-force participation](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/share-participation): Share of people aged 15+ who are in the labour force.
- [Employed full-time](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/share-full-time): Share of employed people who worked full-time.
- [People with no religion](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/share-no-religion): Share of people reporting no religion (incl. secular and other spiritual beliefs).
- [People born overseas](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/share-born-overseas): Share of people born outside Australia (birthplace-not-stated excluded).
- [People using another language at home](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/share-other-language): Share of people who use a language other than English at home.
- [People who speak little or no English](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/share-low-english): Share of people who use another language at home and speak English not well or not at all. No 2011 figure — that census only asked proficiency of overseas-born residents.
- [People in a de facto relationship](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/share-de-facto): Share of people aged 15+ who are in a de facto marriage (registered marriages excluded).
- [Adults with a bachelor degree or higher](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/share-bachelor-plus): Share of people aged 15+ whose highest qualification is a bachelor degree or above (incl. graduate and postgraduate).
- [People who served in the Defence Force](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/share-adf-service): Share of people aged 15+ who have ever served in the Australian Defence Force (currently or previously).
- [People doing 15+ hours of unpaid housework](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/share-housework-15plus): Share of people aged 15+ who did 15 hours or more of unpaid domestic work in the week before the Census.
- [People living alone](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/share-lone-person): Share of households that are a single person living alone.
- [Homes with three or more bedrooms](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/share-3plus-bedrooms): Share of occupied private dwellings with three or more bedrooms.
- [Homes with no motor vehicle](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/share-no-vehicle): Share of occupied private dwellings with no registered motor vehicle.
- [People working from home](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/share-worked-home): Share of employed people aged 15+ who worked at home on census day.
- [Commuting by public transport](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/share-pt-commute): Share of employed people who got to work by train, bus, ferry or tram/light rail as their only method of travel on census day.
- [Recent arrivals from overseas](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/share-recent-migrants): Share of overseas-born residents who arrived in Australia in the five years before the census.
- [Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander people](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/indigenous-population): The number of people who identify as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander.
- [First Nations median age](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/indigenous-median-age): Median age of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people — half are older, half younger.
- [First Nations Year 12 completion](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/share-indigenous-year12): Share of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people whose highest year of school is Year 12 or equivalent.
- [First Nations unemployment rate](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/share-indigenous-unemployed): Unemployed Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people as a share of the First Nations labour force (aged 15+).
- [First Nations median personal income](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/indigenous-median-income): Median total personal income per week for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people aged 15+.
- [First Nations household income](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/indigenous-median-household-income): Median total weekly income for households with one or more Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander members.
- [Speaks a First Nations language](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/share-indigenous-language): Share of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who use an Australian Indigenous language at home.
- [Socio-economic advantage (IRSAD decile)](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/seifa-irsad-decile): ABS Index of Relative Socio-economic Advantage and Disadvantage, 2021, as a national decile: 1 = among the 10% most disadvantaged areas in Australia, 10 = among the 10% most advantaged. IRSAD summarises both advantage and disadvantage, so a high score reflects relatively many high-income, well-educated households and few low-income, low-skill ones.
- [Socio-economic disadvantage (IRSD decile)](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/seifa-irsd-decile): ABS Index of Relative Socio-economic Disadvantage, 2021, as a national decile: 1 = among the 10% most disadvantaged areas in Australia, 10 = among the least disadvantaged. IRSD focuses on disadvantage alone (low income, low education, unemployment, unskilled occupations), so a higher decile means relatively less disadvantage.
- [Economic resources (IER decile)](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/seifa-ier-decile): ABS Index of Economic Resources, 2021, as a national decile: 1 = among the 10% lowest areas for economic resources in Australia, 10 = among the highest. IER reflects the income, housing costs, dwelling size and assets of households, so a higher decile means relatively greater economic resources.
- [Education & occupation (IEO decile)](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/seifa-ieo-decile): ABS Index of Education and Occupation, 2021, as a national decile: 1 = among the 10% lowest areas for education and occupation in Australia, 10 = among the highest. IEO reflects residents' qualifications and the skill level of their jobs, so a higher decile means a more highly educated and skilled workforce.
- [Socio-economic advantage (IRSAD score)](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/seifa-irsad-score): ABS Index of Relative Socio-economic Advantage and Disadvantage, 2021, as a raw index score (standardised so the Australian average is about 1000). Higher scores indicate relatively greater advantage; lower scores greater disadvantage.
- [Population estimate](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/erp-population): Estimated resident population (ABS), 2025.
- [Population growth since 2021](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/erp-growth-since-census): Population growth since the 2021 Census, from ABS annual estimates.
- [Businesses](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/business-count): Operating businesses (ABS Counts of Australian Businesses), June 2025.
- [Dwellings approved](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/dwellings-approved): Dwelling units approved in 2024-25 (ABS Building Approvals).
- [Average annual rainfall](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/climate-rainfall): Average annual rainfall (mm), estimated from SILO gridded climate records, 2019–2023.
- [Average maximum temperature](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/climate-max-temp): Mean daily maximum temperature (°C), SILO grid estimate, 2019–2023.
- [Average minimum temperature](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/climate-min-temp): Mean daily minimum temperature (°C), SILO grid estimate, 2019–2023.
- [Schools](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/school-count): Number of schools in the area.
- [Schools per 1,000 children](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/schools-per-1000-children): Schools per 1,000 children aged under 15.
- [Schools within 3 km](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/schools-nearby): Schools serving the area — within 3 km of small areas, or inside larger ones. A measure of access (catchments overlap, so don't add it across areas).
- [School enrolments](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/school-students): Total students enrolled across the area's schools.
- [Average school size](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/avg-school-size): Average enrolment per school in the area.
- [Average school ICSEA](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/avg-school-icsea): Enrolment-weighted average ICSEA — an index of socio-educational advantage, centred near 1000 (context, not a quality ranking).
- [Public transport stops](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/transit-stops): Scheduled public-transport stops (bus, train, tram and ferry) located in the area, from the state GTFS feeds.
- [PT stops per 1,000 people](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/transit-stops-per-1000): Public-transport stops per 1,000 residents — a measure of how densely an area is served (GTFS stops; population from the 2021 Census).
- [Weekly PT departures per 1,000 people](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/transit-departures-per-1000): Scheduled weekly public-transport departures from stops in the area, per 1,000 residents — how often transit actually runs, not just whether a stop exists (GTFS schedules for a representative week; population from the 2021 Census).
- [Public transport routes](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/transit-route-count): Distinct public-transport routes serving stops in the area (GTFS feeds).
- [Walk to nearest stop (min)](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/transit-nearest-stop-min): Walking time, in minutes, from the centre of the area to the nearest public-transport stop, along the OpenStreetMap pedestrian network (Valhalla). Blank where no stop is within a reasonable walk.
- [Drive time to the city (min)](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/drive-time-to-cbd-min): Free-flow driving time, in minutes, from the centre of the area to its state/territory capital city centre, along the OpenStreetMap road network (Valhalla). Excludes live traffic.
- [People reachable in 30 min by transit](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/transit-reach-30min): How many people live within 30 minutes of the area by public transport + walking on a weekday morning — a measure of how well-connected the area is (computed with R5 over the GTFS schedules + OpenStreetMap network).
- [People reachable in 45 min by transit](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/transit-reach-45min): How many people live within 45 minutes of the area by public transport + walking on a weekday morning (computed with R5 over the GTFS schedules + OpenStreetMap network).
- [Transit time to the city (min)](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/transit-time-to-cbd-min): Public-transport + walking time, in minutes, from the area to its capital city centre on a weekday morning (R5 over the GTFS schedules + OpenStreetMap network). Blank where no scheduled service connects the area to the city.
- [Recorded offences per 100,000](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/crime-rate): Total recorded criminal offences per 100,000 residents per year (latest complete year, from the state/territory police service). The per-capita rate is the meaningful map metric — raw counts just track population. Offence definitions and counting rules differ by state, so cross-state comparisons are indicative only.
- [Assault & related rate](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/crime-assault-rate): Recorded assault & related per 100,000 residents per year (latest complete year, from the state/territory police service). Offence definitions differ by state, so cross-state comparisons are indicative only.
- [Sexual offences rate](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/crime-sexual-rate): Recorded sexual offences per 100,000 residents per year (latest complete year, from the state/territory police service). Offence definitions differ by state, so cross-state comparisons are indicative only.
- [Robbery rate](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/crime-robbery-rate): Recorded robbery per 100,000 residents per year (latest complete year, from the state/territory police service). Offence definitions differ by state, so cross-state comparisons are indicative only.
- [Burglary (unlawful entry) rate](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/crime-burglary-rate): Recorded burglary (unlawful entry) per 100,000 residents per year (latest complete year, from the state/territory police service). Offence definitions differ by state, so cross-state comparisons are indicative only.
- [Theft rate](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/crime-theft-rate): Recorded theft per 100,000 residents per year (latest complete year, from the state/territory police service). Offence definitions differ by state, so cross-state comparisons are indicative only.
- [Motor vehicle theft rate](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/crime-motor-vehicle-theft-rate): Recorded motor vehicle theft per 100,000 residents per year (latest complete year, from the state/territory police service). Offence definitions differ by state, so cross-state comparisons are indicative only.
- [Property damage rate](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/crime-property-damage-rate): Recorded property damage per 100,000 residents per year (latest complete year, from the state/territory police service). Offence definitions differ by state, so cross-state comparisons are indicative only.
- [Drug offences rate](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/crime-drug-rate): Recorded drug offences per 100,000 residents per year (latest complete year, from the state/territory police service). Offence definitions differ by state, so cross-state comparisons are indicative only.
- [Crime rate change (5 yr)](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/crime-rate-change-5yr): Change in the recorded-offence rate over the latest five years — positive means crime is rising, negative means it is falling. Computed from each region's annual series.
- [Walkability score](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/walkability): A 0–10 score for how much of daily life sits within an easy walk of the average home — weighing how close groceries, public transport, cafés, parks, health services, schools, culture and everyday services are, and how many of each. Walking times are measured on an elevation-aware pedestrian network, so hills count against reach. The methodology page describes how the score is put together.
- [Amenity types within a 15-minute walk](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/walk-15min-amenity-types): How many of the eight everyday amenity types — groceries, food & drink, health, schools, parks, culture, everyday services and public transport — the average home can reach on foot within 15 minutes, out of 8.
- [Homes with a 15-minute-city walkshed](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/walk-15min-city-pct): Share of local homes that can reach at least five of the eight everyday amenity types within a 15-minute walk — the "15-minute city" test. Homes are counted as addresses (G-NAF), not people.
- [Homes within 15 min walk of groceries](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/walk-coverage-groceries): Share of local homes within a 15-minute walk of groceries or everyday shopping. Homes are counted as addresses (G-NAF), not people.
- [Homes within 10 min walk of public transport](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/walk-coverage-transit): Share of local homes within a 10-minute walk of a public-transport stop — bus, train, tram or ferry. Homes are counted as addresses (G-NAF), not people.
- [Homes within 15 min walk of a school](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/walk-coverage-school): Share of local homes within a 15-minute walk of a school. Homes are counted as addresses (G-NAF), not people.
- [Homes within 15 min walk of a park](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/walk-coverage-parks): Share of local homes within a 15-minute walk of a park or area of open space. Homes are counted as addresses (G-NAF), not people.
- [Homes within 15 min walk of health services](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/walk-coverage-health): Share of local homes within a 15-minute walk of health services such as a GP, pharmacy or hospital. Homes are counted as addresses (G-NAF), not people.
- [Walkable amenities per 1,000 residents](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/walk-poi-per-1000): Walkable amenities — shops, cafés, parks, health services, schools, cultural and community places, everyday services and public-transport stops — per 1,000 residents. Measures how much is around, apart from how far it is to walk there.
- [Street connectivity (intersections/km²)](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/walk-intersection-density): Walkable street intersections per square kilometre. Denser, better-connected street grids give more direct routes on foot than winding, cul-de-sac layouts.
- [Mean terrain slope](https://censusatlas.au/indicator/walk-mean-slope): Average terrain slope across the area, as a percent grade. Steeper ground shortens how far people will walk; it is already folded into the walkability score through the elevation-aware pedestrian network, and is shown here on its own for context.

## Attribution
Most figures are Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Census of Population and Housing data (2011, 2016 and 2021), used under CC BY 4.0. CensusAtlas is an independent project and is not affiliated with, nor endorsed by, the ABS. When citing a figure, please cite the page URL and the census year it is drawn from.
CensusAtlas also layers in other open datasets (each CC BY 4.0, attributed on /methodology): Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA) (Australian Bureau of Statistics); Regional Population (Estimated Resident Population) (Australian Bureau of Statistics); Counts of Australian Businesses & Building Approvals (Australian Bureau of Statistics); Australian Schools List (Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority (ACARA)); SILO gridded climate data (Queensland Government (Long Paddock)); Public transport timetables (GTFS) (State & territory transport agencies); Road & path network (OpenStreetMap, via Valhalla) (OpenStreetMap contributors); Transit accessibility (GTFS + OpenStreetMap, via R5) (State transport agencies & OpenStreetMap contributors); Recorded crime statistics (State & territory police services and crime statistics agencies); Walkability (OpenStreetMap, GTFS, ACARA & G-NAF, via Valhalla) (OpenStreetMap contributors, state transport agencies, ACARA & Geoscape Australia); Geocoded National Address File (G-NAF Core) (Geoscape Australia (via data.gov.au)); SRTM 1-arc-second digital elevation model (NASA / U.S. Geological Survey (via AWS Terrain Tiles)). External figures are aligned to 2021 ABS boundaries and labelled with their own vintage.