# 4,999 or less vs 10,000 to 19,999 — 2021 Census comparison

Section of State Range comparison · about 240 km apart

These two areas are located about 240 km apart and differ most in their demographics and accessibility. 4,999 or less has a noticeably older population, with a typical resident aged 46 and a high share of people aged 65 and over (26.0%). It also has a much higher Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population at 7.5%. In contrast, 10,000 to 19,999 is more accessible by foot, with 84.3% of homes within a 10-minute walk of public transport compared to 71.5% in 4,999 or less. There is also a larger gap in secularity, as 45.7% of residents in 10,000 to 19,999 have no religion, compared to 37.7% in 4,999 or less.

Since 2011, some of these differences have grown, such as the gap in typical age and the share of people born overseas. However, other trends are more stable, and the two areas share many similarities. They have very similar typical household incomes, around $1,300 a week, and nearly identical shares of children under 15. They also track closely on health, with about 35% of residents in both areas living with a long-term health condition.

## Where they differ most

- First Nations: 5.3 pts higher in 4,999 or less
- Unpaid child care: 2.4 pts higher in 10,000 to 19,999
- No religion: 8.0 pts higher in 10,000 to 19,999
- Limited English: 0.5 pts higher in 10,000 to 19,999
- Median age: 5 yrs older in 4,999 or less

## Demographics & Identity

| Statistic | 4,999 or less | 10,000 to 19,999 | Gap | Trend |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Population | 369,508 | 250,413 | 119,095 larger in 4,999 or less | gap narrowing |
| Median age | 46 yrs | 41 yrs | 5 yrs older in 4,999 or less | gap widening |
| First Nations | 7.5% | 2.2% | 5.3 pts higher in 4,999 or less | gap steady |
| Aged 65+ | 26.0% | 22.3% | 3.6 pts higher in 4,999 or less | gap steady |
| Under 15 | 17.7% | 18.4% | 0.7 pts higher in 10,000 to 19,999 | gap steady |
| De facto | 12.9% | 12.5% | 0.4 pts higher in 4,999 or less | gap steady |

### Age structure

| Category | 4,999 or less % | 10,000 to 19,999 % | Gap (pts) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Seniors (65+) | 26.0% | 22.3% | +3.6 |
| Older adults (45–64) | 25.5% | 24.3% | +1.3 |
| Young adults (25–44) | 21.0% | 24.3% | -3.3 |
| Children (0–14) | 17.7% | 18.4% | -0.7 |
| Youth (15–24) | 9.8% | 10.7% | -0.9 |

### Marital status

| Category | 4,999 or less % | 10,000 to 19,999 % | Gap (pts) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Married | 45.6% | 45.2% | +0.4 |
| Never married | 32.3% | 34.1% | -1.8 |
| Divorced | 10.7% | 10.0% | +0.7 |
| Widowed | 7.5% | 6.9% | +0.6 |
| Separated | 3.9% | 3.8% | +0.1 |

### Age profile

Share of each region's population by age band and sex.

| Age band | 4,999 or less male | 4,999 or less female | 10,000 to 19,999 male | 10,000 to 19,999 female |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 0–4 | 2.8% | 2.7% | 3.1% | 3.0% |
| 5–9 | 3.1% | 2.9% | 3.2% | 3.0% |
| 10–14 | 3.2% | 3.0% | 3.2% | 3.0% |
| 15–19 | 2.7% | 2.6% | 2.9% | 2.6% |
| 20–24 | 2.3% | 2.1% | 2.6% | 2.5% |
| 25–29 | 2.4% | 2.5% | 3.0% | 3.1% |
| 30–34 | 2.6% | 2.8% | 3.1% | 3.3% |
| 35–39 | 2.6% | 2.8% | 3.0% | 3.2% |
| 40–44 | 2.5% | 2.7% | 2.7% | 2.9% |
| 45–49 | 2.7% | 2.9% | 2.8% | 3.1% |
| 50–54 | 2.9% | 3.1% | 2.9% | 3.2% |
| 55–59 | 3.1% | 3.5% | 2.9% | 3.2% |
| 60–64 | 3.5% | 3.8% | 2.9% | 3.3% |
| 65–69 | 3.6% | 3.7% | 2.9% | 3.2% |
| 70–74 | 3.5% | 3.5% | 2.7% | 3.0% |
| 75–79 | 2.5% | 2.6% | 2.0% | 2.3% |
| 80–84 | 1.5% | 1.8% | 1.4% | 1.7% |
| 85+ | 1.2% | 2.0% | 1.2% | 1.9% |

## Ancestry & Birthplace

| Statistic | 4,999 or less | 10,000 to 19,999 | Gap | Trend |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Born overseas | 10.6% | 13.0% | 2.4 pts higher in 10,000 to 19,999 | gap widening |

### Country of birth

| Category | 4,999 or less % | 10,000 to 19,999 % | Gap (pts) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Australia | 82.0% | 81.4% | +0.7 |
| England | 3.2% | 2.9% | +0.3 |
| New Zealand | 1.1% | 1.0% | +0.1 |
| India | 0.4% | 1.1% | -0.7 |
| Philippines | 0.4% | 0.8% | -0.4 |
| Italy | 0.2% | 0.5% | -0.3 |
| South Africa | 0.3% | 0.3% | +0.0 |
| China | 0.2% | 0.3% | -0.1 |
| Vietnam | 0.1% | 0.2% | -0.1 |
| Nepal | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.0 |

### Ancestry

| Category | 4,999 or less % | 10,000 to 19,999 % | Gap (pts) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| English | 42.3% | 41.1% | +1.2 |
| Australian | 41.0% | 39.3% | +1.7 |
| Irish | 12.2% | 11.8% | +0.4 |
| Scottish | 10.7% | 11.2% | -0.6 |
| German | 4.2% | 4.7% | -0.5 |
| Italian | 2.3% | 4.3% | -2.0 |
| Dutch | 1.3% | 2.4% | -1.1 |
| Indian | 0.5% | 1.1% | -0.7 |
| Chinese | 0.8% | 1.1% | -0.3 |
| Filipino | 0.6% | 1.0% | -0.5 |
| Greek | 0.4% | 0.7% | -0.2 |
| Vietnamese | 0.1% | 0.2% | -0.1 |

## Language

| Statistic | 4,999 or less | 10,000 to 19,999 | Gap | Trend |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Other language | 4.1% | 7.3% | 3.2 pts higher in 10,000 to 19,999 | gap widening |
| Limited English | 0.5% | 1.0% | 0.5 pts higher in 10,000 to 19,999 | gap steady |

### Language used at home

| Category | 4,999 or less % | 10,000 to 19,999 % | Gap (pts) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| English only | 88.8% | 86.9% | +1.9 |
| Punjabi | 0.2% | 0.7% | -0.5 |
| Italian | 0.2% | 0.7% | -0.4 |
| Mandarin | 0.2% | 0.5% | -0.3 |
| Tagalog | 0.1% | 0.3% | -0.2 |
| Vietnamese | 0.1% | 0.2% | -0.2 |
| Greek | 0.1% | 0.2% | -0.1 |
| Hindi | 0.1% | 0.2% | -0.2 |
| Arabic | 0.1% | 0.2% | -0.1 |
| Cantonese | 0.1% | 0.1% | +0.0 |

## Religion

| Statistic | 4,999 or less | 10,000 to 19,999 | Gap | Trend |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| No religion | 37.7% | 45.7% | 8.0 pts higher in 10,000 to 19,999 | gap steady |

### Religious affiliation

| Category | 4,999 or less % | 10,000 to 19,999 % | Gap (pts) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Christianity | 51.8% | 43.7% | +8.1 |
| No religion | 37.7% | 45.7% | -8.0 |
| Not stated | 8.5% | 7.3% | +1.2 |
| Other religions | 0.5% | 0.9% | -0.5 |
| Islam | 0.3% | 0.8% | -0.5 |
| Buddhism | 0.7% | 0.8% | -0.1 |
| Hinduism | 0.3% | 0.7% | -0.4 |
| Judaism | 0.1% | 0.1% | +0.1 |

## Education & Qualifications

| Statistic | 4,999 or less | 10,000 to 19,999 | Gap | Trend |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Year 12 | 40.3% | 44.7% | 4.4 pts higher in 10,000 to 19,999 | gap narrowing |
| Bachelor+ | 15.1% | 15.8% | 0.8 pts higher in 10,000 to 19,999 | gap narrowing |

### Highest year of school

| Category | 4,999 or less % | 10,000 to 19,999 % | Gap (pts) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Year 12 | 40.3% | 44.7% | -4.4 |
| Year 10 | 30.4% | 18.8% | +11.6 |
| Year 11 | 7.1% | 15.8% | -8.6 |
| Year 9 or below | 13.4% | 13.5% | -0.1 |

### Highest qualification level

| Category | 4,999 or less % | 10,000 to 19,999 % | Gap (pts) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Certificate III / IV | 35.9% | 36.2% | -0.3 |
| Bachelor degree | 17.5% | 18.5% | -1.0 |
| Advanced diploma / diploma | 14.3% | 16.2% | -1.9 |
| Postgraduate degree | 4.9% | 4.9% | 0.0 |
| Graduate diploma / certificate | 3.0% | 4.1% | -1.0 |
| Certificate I / II | 2.4% | 2.2% | +0.2 |

### Field of qualification

| Category | 4,999 or less % | 10,000 to 19,999 % | Gap (pts) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Engineering & related | 15.1% | 14.5% | +0.6 |
| Management & commerce | 14.5% | 13.8% | +0.7 |
| Society & culture | 11.2% | 12.7% | -1.5 |
| Health | 10.3% | 11.7% | -1.4 |
| Education | 9.5% | 9.6% | -0.1 |
| Architecture & building | 6.7% | 6.7% | +0.0 |
| Food, hospitality & personal services | 5.4% | 6.1% | -0.7 |
| Agriculture & environment | 3.1% | 2.6% | +0.4 |
| Creative arts | 2.9% | 2.8% | +0.1 |
| Natural & physical sciences | 1.8% | 1.8% | -0.1 |
| Information technology | 1.2% | 1.8% | -0.6 |

## Income

| Statistic | 4,999 or less | 10,000 to 19,999 | Gap | Trend |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal income | $672 | $704 | $32 higher in 10,000 to 19,999 | gap narrowing |
| Household income | $1,291 | $1,351 | $60 higher in 10,000 to 19,999 | gap narrowing |
| Family income | $1,661 | $1,778 | $117 higher in 10,000 to 19,999 | gap narrowing |
| High earners | 7.6% | 7.6% |  | gap steady |
| High-income homes | 13.5% | 13.7% | 0.2 pts higher in 10,000 to 19,999 | gap steady |

### Household income distribution

| Category | 4,999 or less % | 10,000 to 19,999 % | Gap (pts) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| $650–$1,499 | 32.1% | 31.0% | +1.1 |
| $1,500–$2,999 | 26.1% | 28.4% | -2.2 |
| Under $650 | 20.8% | 20.2% | +0.6 |
| $3,000–$3,999 | 7.3% | 7.7% | -0.3 |
| $4,000 or more | 6.2% | 6.0% | +0.1 |

### Personal income distribution

| Category | 4,999 or less % | 10,000 to 19,999 % | Gap (pts) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Under $650 | 44.4% | 43.2% | +1.2 |
| $650–$1,499 | 31.0% | 32.7% | -1.8 |
| $1,500–$2,999 | 13.4% | 14.0% | -0.6 |
| $3,000 or more | 2.4% | 2.4% | +0.0 |

## Health & Disability

| Statistic | 4,999 or less | 10,000 to 19,999 | Gap | Trend |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Health condition | 34.8% | 34.6% | 0.2 pts higher in 4,999 or less |  |
| Mental health | 10.1% | 11.5% | 1.4 pts higher in 10,000 to 19,999 |  |
| Needs assistance | 7.2% | 7.8% | 0.5 pts higher in 10,000 to 19,999 | gap steady |

### Long-term health conditions reported

| Category | 4,999 or less % | 10,000 to 19,999 % | Gap (pts) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Arthritis | 13.1% | 11.6% | +1.5 |
| Mental health | 10.1% | 11.5% | -1.4 |
| Asthma | 9.7% | 10.3% | -0.6 |
| Other condition | 8.5% | 9.2% | -0.8 |
| Diabetes | 5.8% | 5.7% | +0.2 |
| Heart disease | 5.7% | 5.1% | +0.5 |
| Cancer | 4.0% | 3.6% | +0.4 |
| Lung condition | 3.0% | 2.7% | +0.3 |
| Stroke | 1.3% | 1.3% | +0.0 |
| Dementia | 1.1% | 0.9% | +0.2 |

### Number of long-term health conditions

| Category | 4,999 or less % | 10,000 to 19,999 % | Gap (pts) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| None | 55.3% | 56.8% | -1.5 |
| One condition | 21.8% | 22.1% | -0.3 |
| Two conditions | 8.1% | 8.0% | +0.2 |
| Three or more | 4.9% | 4.5% | +0.4 |

## Community Participation

| Statistic | 4,999 or less | 10,000 to 19,999 | Gap | Trend |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Volunteering | 16.9% | 15.2% | 1.7 pts higher in 4,999 or less | gap steady |
| Unpaid carers | 12.9% | 13.9% | 1.0 pts higher in 10,000 to 19,999 | gap steady |
| Unpaid child care | 24.1% | 26.5% | 2.4 pts higher in 10,000 to 19,999 | gap steady |
| Defence service | 4.1% | 3.3% | 0.8 pts higher in 4,999 or less |  |
| Housework 15h+ | 23.8% | 22.4% | 1.4 pts higher in 4,999 or less | gap steady |

## Family & Households

| Statistic | 4,999 or less | 10,000 to 19,999 | Gap | Trend |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Household size | 2.3 | 2.4 | 0.1 larger in 10,000 to 19,999 | gap widening |
| One-parent | 16.5% | 16.6% | 0.2 pts higher in 10,000 to 19,999 | gap steady |
| Living alone | 29.4% | 30.2% | 0.8 pts higher in 10,000 to 19,999 | gap steady |

### Family composition

| Category | 4,999 or less % | 10,000 to 19,999 % | Gap (pts) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Couples with children | 48.9% | 52.8% | -3.9 |
| Couples without children | 33.6% | 29.6% | +4.0 |
| One-parent families | 16.5% | 16.6% | -0.2 |
| Other families | 1.0% | 1.0% | +0.0 |

### Household size

| Category | 4,999 or less % | 10,000 to 19,999 % | Gap (pts) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2 people | 37.9% | 35.0% | +2.9 |
| 1 person | 29.4% | 30.2% | -0.8 |
| 3 people | 13.0% | 14.0% | -0.9 |
| 4 people | 11.6% | 12.8% | -1.2 |
| 5 people | 5.4% | 5.7% | -0.3 |
| 6 or more | 2.6% | 2.3% | +0.2 |

## Housing & Dwellings

| Statistic | 4,999 or less | 10,000 to 19,999 | Gap | Trend |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Rent | $300 | $285 | $15 higher in 4,999 or less | gap steady |
| Mortgage | $1,551 | $1,460 | $91 higher in 4,999 or less | gap narrowing |
| People / bedroom | 0.70 | 0.70 |  | gap steady |
| Renting | 23.9% | 25.7% | 1.8 pts higher in 10,000 to 19,999 | gap widening |
| Owned outright | 41.4% | 36.4% | 5.0 pts higher in 4,999 or less | gap steady |
| Separate houses | 88.7% | 88.0% | 0.7 pts higher in 4,999 or less | gap steady |
| 3+ bedrooms | 78.3% | 80.0% | 1.7 pts higher in 10,000 to 19,999 | gap steady |

### How homes are owned or rented

| Category | 4,999 or less % | 10,000 to 19,999 % | Gap (pts) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Owned outright | 41.4% | 36.4% | +5.0 |
| Owned with a mortgage | 30.5% | 34.6% | -4.1 |
| Rented | 23.9% | 25.7% | -1.8 |
| Other tenure | 2.2% | 1.4% | +0.9 |
| Not stated | 2.0% | 1.9% | +0.0 |

### Types of homes

| Category | 4,999 or less % | 10,000 to 19,999 % | Gap (pts) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Separate house | 88.7% | 88.0% | +0.7 |
| Townhouse / semi-detached | 6.6% | 8.7% | -2.1 |
| Flat or apartment | 2.9% | 2.6% | +0.3 |
| Other dwelling | 1.4% | 0.6% | +0.8 |

### Bedrooms per home

| Category | 4,999 or less % | 10,000 to 19,999 % | Gap (pts) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 3 bedrooms | 43.5% | 47.2% | -3.7 |
| 4 bedrooms | 28.8% | 29.1% | -0.2 |
| 2 bedrooms | 16.4% | 15.2% | +1.2 |
| 5 or more | 6.0% | 3.7% | +2.3 |
| 1 bedroom | 3.1% | 2.9% | +0.2 |
| Studio / none | 0.4% | 0.2% | +0.2 |

### Weekly rent distribution

| Category | 4,999 or less % | 10,000 to 19,999 % | Gap (pts) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| $200–$349 | 39.9% | 47.2% | -7.3 |
| $350–$549 | 30.9% | 27.7% | +3.1 |
| Under $200 | 18.3% | 20.0% | -1.7 |
| $550–$749 | 5.8% | 1.1% | +4.7 |
| $750 or more | 1.6% | 0.3% | +1.3 |

### Monthly mortgage distribution

| Category | 4,999 or less % | 10,000 to 19,999 % | Gap (pts) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| $1,000–$1,799 | 33.3% | 41.5% | -8.2 |
| $1,800–$2,999 | 27.5% | 23.5% | +4.0 |
| Under $1,000 | 23.1% | 23.4% | -0.3 |
| $3,000 or more | 10.7% | 5.9% | +4.8 |

## Transport & Vehicles

| Statistic | 4,999 or less | 10,000 to 19,999 | Gap | Trend |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| No car | 4.8% | 5.9% | 1.1 pts higher in 10,000 to 19,999 | gap steady |
| Work from home | 13.3% | 12.2% | 1.0 pts higher in 4,999 or less | gap steady |
| PT commute | 0.5% | 0.7% | 0.2 pts higher in 10,000 to 19,999 | gap steady |

### How people get to work

| Category | 4,999 or less % | 10,000 to 19,999 % | Gap (pts) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Car (driver) | 61.8% | 64.7% | -3.0 |
| Worked at home | 13.3% | 12.2% | +1.0 |
| Car (passenger) | 4.3% | 4.9% | -0.6 |
| Walked | 4.0% | 2.5% | +1.4 |
| Bicycle | 0.4% | 0.7% | -0.3 |
| Train | 0.1% | 0.4% | -0.3 |
| Bus | 0.4% | 0.3% | +0.1 |

### Motor vehicles per home

| Category | 4,999 or less % | 10,000 to 19,999 % | Gap (pts) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2 vehicles | 38.3% | 38.5% | -0.3 |
| 1 vehicle | 37.7% | 36.7% | +1.0 |
| 3 vehicles | 12.4% | 12.3% | +0.1 |
| 4 or more | 6.9% | 6.5% | +0.4 |
| No vehicle | 4.8% | 5.9% | -1.1 |

## Migration & Movement

| Statistic | 4,999 or less | 10,000 to 19,999 | Gap | Trend |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Recent movers | 37.6% | 40.0% | 2.4 pts higher in 10,000 to 19,999 | gap steady |
| Recent arrivals | 9.2% | 11.7% | 2.5 pts higher in 10,000 to 19,999 | gap steady |

## Jobs & Industry

| Statistic | 4,999 or less | 10,000 to 19,999 | Gap | Trend |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Unemployment | 4.6% | 4.6% |  | gap steady |
| Participation | 51.9% | 56.6% | 4.7 pts higher in 10,000 to 19,999 | gap steady |
| Full-time | 55.4% | 56.5% | 1.1 pts higher in 10,000 to 19,999 | gap steady |

### Industries people work in

| Category | 4,999 or less % | 10,000 to 19,999 % | Gap (pts) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Health care & social assistance | 14.8% | 16.6% | -1.8 |
| Construction | 10.5% | 10.7% | -0.2 |
| Retail trade | 9.6% | 10.3% | -0.7 |
| Education & training | 9.5% | 8.9% | +0.6 |
| Manufacturing | 5.9% | 8.2% | -2.3 |
| Public administration & safety | 8.0% | 6.6% | +1.3 |
| Accommodation & food | 7.9% | 6.7% | +1.3 |
| Transport & warehousing | 3.9% | 4.4% | -0.5 |
| Professional & technical | 4.3% | 4.2% | +0.2 |
| Other services | 3.9% | 4.1% | -0.2 |
| Agriculture, forestry & fishing | 3.7% | 2.9% | +0.8 |
| Administrative & support | 3.3% | 3.0% | +0.3 |

### Occupations people work in

| Category | 4,999 or less % | 10,000 to 19,999 % | Gap (pts) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Professionals | 17.1% | 17.8% | -0.7 |
| Technicians & trades | 16.0% | 15.4% | +0.6 |
| Community & personal service | 14.0% | 13.9% | +0.1 |
| Labourers | 12.0% | 12.5% | -0.6 |
| Managers | 11.6% | 10.7% | +0.9 |
| Clerical & administrative | 11.2% | 11.6% | -0.4 |
| Sales workers | 8.3% | 9.3% | -1.0 |
| Machinery operators & drivers | 8.0% | 7.0% | +1.0 |

## Walkability

| Statistic | 4,999 or less | 10,000 to 19,999 | Gap | Trend |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Walk score | 5.2 | 5.4 | 0.2 higher in 10,000 to 19,999 |  |
| Types ≤15 min | 5.4 | 5.2 | 0.2 more in 4,999 or less |  |
| 15-min city | 62.7% | 57.7% | 5.0 pts higher in 4,999 or less |  |
| Walk to shops | 60.8% | 58.6% | 2.3 pts higher in 4,999 or less |  |
| Walk to transit | 71.5% | 84.3% | 12.9 pts higher in 10,000 to 19,999 |  |
| Walk to school | 62.1% | 71.4% | 9.3 pts higher in 10,000 to 19,999 |  |
| Walk to a park | 89.1% | 92.8% | 3.7 pts higher in 10,000 to 19,999 |  |
| Walk to health | 51.2% | 44.1% | 7.1 pts higher in 4,999 or less |  |
| Amenities/1k | 19.9 | 16.7 | 3.2 more in 4,999 or less |  |
| Intersections/km² | 45 | 58 | 13 higher in 10,000 to 19,999 |  |
| Mean slope | 5.6% | 4.3% | 1.4 pts higher in 4,999 or less |  |

Interactive comparison: https://censusatlas.au/compare/sosr/SOSR115/4-999-or-less/vs/SOSR213/10-000-to-19-999